{"id":"arctostaphylos-glandulosa","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Arctostaphylos glandulosa","commonNames":["Arctostaphylos glandulosa"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Arctostaphylos glandulosa","family":"Ericaceae","ids":{"gbifKey":2882491},"regions":["EE. UU."],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"shrub","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 403.18","score":{"value":403.18,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3341; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fletcher2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Fletcher2007: Fletcher, T. H., Pickett, B. M., Smith, S. G., Spittle, G. S., Woodhouse, M. M., Haake, E., & Weise, D. R. (2007). Effects of moisture on ignition behavior of moist California chaparral and Utah leaves. Combustion Science and Technology, 179, 1183-1203.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fletcher2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 177","score":{"value":177,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3347; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fletcher2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Fletcher2007: Fletcher, T. H., Pickett, B. M., Smith, S. G., Spittle, G. S., Woodhouse, M. M., Haake, E., & Weise, D. R. (2007). Effects of moisture on ignition behavior of moist California chaparral and Utah leaves. Combustion Science and Technology, 179, 1183-1203.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fletcher2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 22","score":{"value":22,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9087; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling may. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 21.15","score":{"value":21.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9088; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling june. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 15.48","score":{"value":15.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9089; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling july. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 19.4","score":{"value":19.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9090; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling august. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 21.65","score":{"value":21.65,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9091; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling october. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 22.92","score":{"value":22.92,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9092; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling november. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 25.55","score":{"value":25.55,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9093; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling january. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 27.32","score":{"value":27.32,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9094; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling february. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 27.25","score":{"value":27.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9095; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling march. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 28","score":{"value":28,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9096; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling april. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.97","score":{"value":2.97,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10538; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.71","score":{"value":2.71,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10539; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.38","score":{"value":1.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10540; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling august. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.36","score":{"value":3.36,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10541; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling october. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 14.43","score":{"value":14.43,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10548; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 12.73","score":{"value":12.73,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10549; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 12","score":{"value":12,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10550; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling august. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 9.84","score":{"value":9.84,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10551; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling october. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 307","score":{"value":307,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10558; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 252","score":{"value":252,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10559; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 248","score":{"value":248,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10560; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling august. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 62","score":{"value":62,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10561; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling october. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.26","score":{"value":3.26,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10568; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.42","score":{"value":1.42,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10569; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.21","score":{"value":0.21,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10570; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling august. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.12","score":{"value":0.12,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10571; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling october. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.23","score":{"value":6.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10579; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.72","score":{"value":4.72,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10580; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.13","score":{"value":4.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10581; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.97","score":{"value":2.97,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10582; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.59","score":{"value":1.59,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10583; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling august. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.46","score":{"value":1.46,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10584; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling august. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.49","score":{"value":3.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10585; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling october. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.53","score":{"value":3.53,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10586; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling october. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.69","score":{"value":2.69,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10587; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling october. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 16.83","score":{"value":16.83,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10600; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 12.04","score":{"value":12.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10601; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 14.4","score":{"value":14.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10602; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 10.76","score":{"value":10.76,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10603; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 13.12","score":{"value":13.12,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10604; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling august. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 10.84","score":{"value":10.84,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10605; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling august. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 17.36","score":{"value":17.36,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10606; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling october. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 15.05","score":{"value":15.05,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10607; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling october. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 22.97","score":{"value":22.97,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10608; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling october. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 352","score":{"value":352,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10621; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 245","score":{"value":245,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10622; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 314","score":{"value":314,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10623; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 242","score":{"value":242,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10624; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling june. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 279","score":{"value":279,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10625; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling august. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 241","score":{"value":241,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10626; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling august. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 349","score":{"value":349,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10627; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling october. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 256","score":{"value":256,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10628; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling october. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 294","score":{"value":294,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10629; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2009-1; sampling october. Primary study Pickett2009: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2009). Flame interactions and burning characteristics of two live leaf samples1. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 865-874.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pickett2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 17.18","score":{"value":17.18,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12965; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Sun2006-1; sampling spring and fall. Primary study Sun2006: Sun, L., Zhou, X., Mahalingam, S., & Weise, D. R. (2006). Comparison of burning characteristics of live and dead chaparral fuels. Combustion and Flame, 144, 349-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sun2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 11.04","score":{"value":11.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12968; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Sun2006-1; sampling spring and fall. Primary study Sun2006: Sun, L., Zhou, X., Mahalingam, S., & Weise, D. R. (2006). Comparison of burning characteristics of live and dead chaparral fuels. Combustion and Flame, 144, 349-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sun2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 4.93","score":{"value":4.93,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12971; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Sun2006-1; sampling spring and fall. Primary study Sun2006: Sun, L., Zhou, X., Mahalingam, S., & Weise, D. R. (2006). Comparison of burning characteristics of live and dead chaparral fuels. Combustion and Flame, 144, 349-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sun2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 409","score":{"value":409,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16695; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.83","score":{"value":2.83,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16696; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 333","score":{"value":333,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16707; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 392","score":{"value":392,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16708; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 414","score":{"value":414,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16709; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 448","score":{"value":448,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16710; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 440","score":{"value":440,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16711; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 456","score":{"value":456,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16712; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.27","score":{"value":1.27,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16713; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.95","score":{"value":1.95,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16714; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.13","score":{"value":2.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16715; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.49","score":{"value":3.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16716; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.35","score":{"value":5.35,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16717; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.01","score":{"value":7.01,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16718; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Smith2005-1; sampling ND. Primary study Smith2005: Smith, S. G. (2005). Effects of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of Live California Chaparral and Utah Foliage. Master dissertations. Brigham Young University - Provo.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Smith2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.0121","score":{"value":0.0121,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18234; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Pickett2010: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2010). Experimental measurements during combustion of moist individual foliage samples. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, 153-162 .","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pickett2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.0184","score":{"value":0.0184,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18235; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Pickett2010: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2010). Experimental measurements during combustion of moist individual foliage samples. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, 153-162 .","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pickett2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["CA","OR"],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}