{"id":"andropogon-temarius","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Andropogon ternarius","commonNames":["Splitbeard bluestem"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Andropogon ternarius","family":"Poaceae","synonyms":["Anatherum ternarium"],"ids":{"usdaSymbol":"ANTE2","gbifKey":2706082,"itisTsn":40455,"wikidataQid":"Q2267173","inatTaxonId":158355},"usdaZoneMin":"5a","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["AL","AR","DC","DE","FL","GA","IL","IN","KS","KY","LA","MD","MO","MS","NC","NJ","OK","SC","TN","TX","VA"],"nativeStates":["NC"],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-18,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"ANTE2","sourceTaxon":"Andropogon ternarius","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 20361, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"grass","matureHeightFt":3.9,"waterNeed":"low","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/andropogon-temarius.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/337607456","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/192329951","license":"cc-by-sa","attribution":"(c) Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"bardon-2005","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Extreme flammability rating","edition":"2005","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ncsu-ag874","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"high flammability","claims":"2005 list class was extreme; 2025 revision rates it high.","edition":"2025","url":"https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/fire-resistant-landscaping-in-north-carolina","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"nc-plant-toolbox","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"high flammability","claims":"NC Toolbox facet capture lists \"Anatherum ternarium\" under the high flammability tag. Exact GBIF reconciliation: \"Anatherum ternarium\" → \"Andropogon ternarius\".","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"anatherum-ternarium","scheme":"nc-toolbox-flammability-facet"},"original":"bardon-2005","edition":"live facet capture accessed 2026-08-23","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/anatherum-ternarium/","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.636","score":{"value":1.636,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15877; Ignitability measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Gao2022-1; sampling spring 2019. Primary study Gao2022: Gao, X., & Schwilk, D. W. (2022). Burn hot or tolerate trees: flammability decreases with shade tolerance in grasses. Oikos, 4, e08930.","plantPart":"whole-plant","original":"Gao2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 34.142","score":{"value":34.142,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15878; Sustainability measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Gao2022-1; sampling spring 2019. Primary study Gao2022: Gao, X., & Schwilk, D. W. (2022). Burn hot or tolerate trees: flammability decreases with shade tolerance in grasses. Oikos, 4, e08930.","plantPart":"whole-plant","original":"Gao2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 13.238","score":{"value":13.238,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15879; Sustainability measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Gao2022-1; sampling spring 2019. Primary study Gao2022: Gao, X., & Schwilk, D. W. (2022). Burn hot or tolerate trees: flammability decreases with shade tolerance in grasses. Oikos, 4, e08930.","plantPart":"whole-plant","original":"Gao2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 82","score":{"value":82,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15880; Combustibility measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Gao2022-1; sampling spring 2019. Primary study Gao2022: Gao, X., & Schwilk, D. W. (2022). Burn hot or tolerate trees: flammability decreases with shade tolerance in grasses. Oikos, 4, e08930.","plantPart":"whole-plant","original":"Gao2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.36","score":{"value":1.36,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15881; Ignitability measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Gao2022-1; sampling spring 2019. Primary study Gao2022: Gao, X., & Schwilk, D. W. (2022). Burn hot or tolerate trees: flammability decreases with shade tolerance in grasses. Oikos, 4, e08930.","plantPart":"whole-plant","original":"Gao2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 23.592","score":{"value":23.592,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15882; Sustainability measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Gao2022-1; sampling spring 2019. Primary study Gao2022: Gao, X., & Schwilk, D. W. (2022). Burn hot or tolerate trees: flammability decreases with shade tolerance in grasses. Oikos, 4, e08930.","plantPart":"whole-plant","original":"Gao2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 2.294","score":{"value":2.294,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15883; Sustainability measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Gao2022-1; sampling spring 2019. Primary study Gao2022: Gao, X., & Schwilk, D. W. (2022). Burn hot or tolerate trees: flammability decreases with shade tolerance in grasses. Oikos, 4, e08930.","plantPart":"whole-plant","original":"Gao2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 42.8","score":{"value":42.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15884; Combustibility measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Gao2022-1; sampling spring 2019. Primary study Gao2022: Gao, X., & Schwilk, D. W. (2022). Burn hot or tolerate trees: flammability decreases with shade tolerance in grasses. Oikos, 4, e08930.","plantPart":"whole-plant","original":"Gao2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo selected from license-verified candidates and human-reviewed 2026-08-24 (joint session). iNaturalist lists Andropogon ternarius under Anatherum ternarium."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AL","AR","DC","DE","FL","GA","IL","IN","KS","KY","LA","MD","MO","MS","NC","NJ","OK","SC","TN","TX","VA"],"nativeStates":["NC"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL","AR","DC","DE","FL","GA","IL","IN","KS","KY","LA","MD","MO","MS","NC","NJ","OK","SC","TN","TX","VA"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"5a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-18,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"ANTE2","sourceTaxon":"Andropogon ternarius","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 20361, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"5a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-18,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"ANTE2","sourceTaxon":"Andropogon ternarius","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 20361, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"5a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-18,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"ANTE2","sourceTaxon":"Andropogon ternarius","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 20361, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"ncsu-ag874","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Landscaping in North Carolina (AG-874)","sourceUrl":"https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/fire-resistant-landscaping-in-north-carolina","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"]},"completeness":"complete","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The complete three-table AG-874 plant list is explicitly for North Carolina and contains 202 low-, medium-, or high-flammability rows. FireApproved accounts for all source rows under its strict taxonomy and lineage rules; source scope does not establish local suitability at a particular North Carolina site.","sourceVersion":"AG-874-reviewed-2025-03-26","asOf":"2025-03-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["NC"],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"5a"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}