{"id":"allocasuarina-littoralis","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Allocasuarina littoralis","commonNames":["Allocasuarina littoralis"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Allocasuarina littoralis","family":"Casuarinaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"ALLI5","gbifKey":2891918},"regions":["Australia"],"plantForm":"tree","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2","score":{"value":2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3970; Ignitability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 28","score":{"value":28,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3971; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7","score":{"value":7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3972; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3973; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 22","score":{"value":22,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3974; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 2","score":{"value":2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3975; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 30","score":{"value":30,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3976; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3977; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.25","score":{"value":0.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3978; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3979; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.18","score":{"value":0.18,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3980; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3981; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 21.38","score":{"value":21.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3982; Consumability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 100","score":{"value":100,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3983; Consumability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 62.88","score":{"value":62.88,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3984; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 100","score":{"value":100,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3985; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 200","score":{"value":200,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3986; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 92","score":{"value":92,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3987; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 172","score":{"value":172,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3988; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3989; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 202","score":{"value":202,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3990; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 120","score":{"value":120,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3991; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 179","score":{"value":179,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3992; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3993; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3994; Ignitability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 35","score":{"value":35,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3995; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3996; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3997; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3998; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 10","score":{"value":10,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3999; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 15","score":{"value":15,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4000; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4001; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4002; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.09","score":{"value":0.09,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4003; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.19","score":{"value":0.19,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4004; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4005; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 33.77","score":{"value":33.77,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4006; Consumability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 3.52","score":{"value":3.52,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4007; Consumability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 50.2","score":{"value":50.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4008; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 100","score":{"value":100,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4009; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 112","score":{"value":112,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4010; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 158","score":{"value":158,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4011; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 167","score":{"value":167,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4012; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4013; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 115","score":{"value":115,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4014; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 193","score":{"value":193,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4015; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 170","score":{"value":170,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4016; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 0","score":{"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4017; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Gormley2020-2; sampling ND. Primary study Gormley2020: Gormley, A. G., Bell, T. L., & Possell, M. (2020). Non-Additive Effects of Forest Litter on Flammability. Fire, 3, 12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Gormley2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 12","score":{"value":12,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9657; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Murray2013-1; sampling march to april. Primary study Murray2013: Murray, B. R., Hardstaff, L. K., & Phillips, M. L. (2013). Differences in leaf flammability, leaf traits and flammability-trait relationships between native and exotic plant species of dry sclerophyll forest. PLoS One, 8, e79205.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Murray2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.75","score":{"value":1.75,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19317; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildland–urban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Murray2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 21.62","score":{"value":21.62,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19318; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildland–urban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Murray2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 485.25","score":{"value":485.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19319; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildland–urban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Murray2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 45.5","score":{"value":45.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19320; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildland–urban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Murray2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"canberra-plant-selector","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Fire Retardant — Yes — Allocasuarina littoralis","claims":"The live Canberra Plant Selector marks “Allocasuarina littoralis” as “Fire Retardant: Yes.”","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"filtered result page 2","scheme":"canberra-selector"},"edition":"live tool capture 2026-08-25","url":"https://plantselector.com.au/browse-plants/?fire_retardant%5B0%5D=1","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}