{"id":"allocasuarina-cunninghamiana","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Allocasuarina cunninghamiana","commonNames":["River Sheoak"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Casuarina cunninghamiana","family":"Casuarinaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"CACU8","gbifKey":2891932,"itisTsn":501334,"wikidataQid":"Q662316","inatTaxonId":160233},"usdaZoneMin":"9a","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["FL","PR"],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["HI"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-HI-Plantae895","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2021-08-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Casuarina cunninghamiana","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"D2","label":"invasive (category D2)"},"associatedReferences":["Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)af, http://www.hear.org/Pier/species/casuarina_cunninghamiana.htm"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"accepted-name","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}},{"status":"invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae6935","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Casuarina cunninghamiana","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"D2","label":"invasive (category D2)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021aba), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CACU8"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"accepted-name","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"9a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":22,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"CACU8","sourceTaxon":"Allocasuarina cunninghamiana","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 69889, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":100,"waterNeed":"moderate","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/allocasuarina-cunninghamiana.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/216522554","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/127532924","license":"cc0","attribution":"no rights reserved","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"tfs-fire-resisting","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"High Flammability","sourcePlacement":{"value":"remove from the Building Protection Zone; avoid in the Fuel Modified Zone","scheme":"tfs-bpz"},"edition":"2017","url":"https://www.fire.tas.gov.au/mysite/publications/1709%20Brochure.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"macalister-2025-sajb-cape-town","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"Partially burned","claims":"Official-workbook means across 50 leaf trials: fresh ignition 8.458 s, fresh sustainability 16.999 s, dry ignition 1.668 s, dry sustainability 20.405 s, and combustibility 2.435 mg DW s-1. Published Table 1 observation for the 2021 fire: Partially burned.","plantPart":"leaf","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Urban zone; Table 1 and deposited raw workbook","scheme":"macalister-2025-leaf-flammability"},"edition":"South African Journal of Botany 184:1163-1173","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254629925004168","documentDate":"2025-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["FL","PR"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["FL","PR"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"9a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"9a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":22,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"CACU8","sourceTaxon":"Allocasuarina cunninghamiana","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 69889, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"9a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":22,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"CACU8","sourceTaxon":"Allocasuarina cunninghamiana","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 69889, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"9a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":22,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"CACU8","sourceTaxon":"Allocasuarina cunninghamiana","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 69889, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["HI"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-HI-Plantae895","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2021-08-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Casuarina cunninghamiana","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"D2","label":"invasive (category D2)"},"associatedReferences":["Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)af, http://www.hear.org/Pier/species/casuarina_cunninghamiana.htm"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"accepted-name","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae6935","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Casuarina cunninghamiana","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"D2","label":"invasive (category D2)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021aba), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CACU8"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"accepted-name","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"}],"usdaZoneMin":"9a"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}