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A person must not introduce that material in Indiana.","effectiveOn":"2019-04-18T00:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://iar.iga.in.gov/code/2026/312/18#312-18-3-25"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"This section does not apply to a person who possesses a listed species under a permit issued by the Indiana State Entomologist.","sourceUrl":"https://iar.iga.in.gov/code/2026/312/18#312-18-3-25"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"This section does not apply to a person engaged in a project approved by the Indiana State Entomologist for destruction of a listed species.","sourceUrl":"https://iar.iga.in.gov/code/2026/312/18#312-18-3-25"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","exceptionReview":"reviewed-not-excepted","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; FireApproved publishes only this unique exact same-rank plant match and does not project hybrids, the infraspecific designation, or the parenthetical Chinese-yam form"}},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ME"]},"authority":"Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry","source":"maine-chapter-273-invasive-plants-2022-092","sourceRecordId":"maine:prohibited:004","sourceVersion":"Chapter-273-filing-2022-092-format-corrected-2025-09-24","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Ailanthus altissima","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"Chapter 273 Do Not Sell","label":"Specified living-plant trade activities prohibited since 2018-01-01"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.maine.gov/DACF/php/horticulture/invasiveplants.shtml","https://www.maine.gov/sos/sites/maine.gov.sos/files/rules/001c273-2022-092.docx"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"Living viable material may not be imported, exported, bought, sold, or intentionally propagated for sale or distribution.","effectiveOn":"2018-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://www.maine.gov/sos/sites/maine.gov.sos/files/rules/001c273-2022-092.docx"},{"kind":"permit-required","statement":"The State Horticulturist may permit importation and field experimentation for scientific, educational, or other approved purposes under prescribed conditions.","sourceUrl":"https://www.maine.gov/sos/sites/maine.gov.sos/files/rules/001c273-2022-092.docx"},{"kind":"material-scope-exception","statement":"Preserved herbarium specimens and material preserved by other means are exempt from Chapter 273.","sourceUrl":"https://www.maine.gov/sos/sites/maine.gov.sos/files/rules/001c273-2022-092.docx"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"includes-subordinate-taxa-with-exceptions","exceptionReview":"reviewed-not-excepted","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; Chapter 273 defines species to include synonyms, subspecies, hybrids, varieties, forms, and cultivars, but FireApproved publishes only this unique exact species match; the rule provides a committee exemption process for researched subordinate taxa and no current approved-exemption roster was located"}},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MA"]},"authority":"Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources","source":"massachusetts-prohibited-plant-list-2026-05","sourceRecordId":"massachusetts:130:ailanthus-altissima","sourceVersion":"Massachusetts-Prohibited-Plant-List-May-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Ailanthus altissima","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"Massachusetts Prohibited Plant List","label":"Prohibited"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-prohibited-plant-list","https://www.mass.gov/files/csv/2026-05/prohibitedplantlistMay2026.csv"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"includes-subordinate-taxa","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; the official page applies the list to cultivars, varieties, and hybrids, while FireApproved publishes only this unique exact species match; activity, timing, operator, and permit conditions are modeled separately from taxonomic scope"}},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"]},"authority":"Ohio Department of Agriculture","source":"ohio-oac-901-5-30-01-2023","sourceRecordId":"ohio:901-5-30-01:A:001","sourceVersion":"OAC-901:5-30-01-effective-2023-02-13","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Ailanthus altissima","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"OAC 901:5-30-01","label":"Listed invasive plant — specified sale, propagation, distribution, import, and dissemination activities prohibited"},"associatedReferences":["https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-901%3A5-30-01","https://codes.ohio.gov/assets/laws/administrative-code/authenticated/901/5/30/901%245-30-01_20230213.pdf","https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-901.50"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"No person may sell, offer for sale, propagate, distribute, import, or intentionally cause the dissemination of this listed invasive plant in Ohio.","sourceUrl":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-901%3A5-30-01"},{"kind":"material-scope-exception","statement":"Cultivated plants grown as food or livestock feed in accordance with generally accepted agricultural practices, including plants authorized by USDA APHIS, are excluded from the ORC 901.50 definition of invasive plant species.","sourceUrl":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-901.50"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"Disposal and control are allowed only in a manner that does not result in further spread.","sourceUrl":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-901%3A5-30-01"},{"kind":"permit-required","statement":"Research or educational use requires an Ohio Department of Agriculture compliance agreement and must not result in further spread.","sourceUrl":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-901%3A5-30-01"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"includes-subordinate-taxa-with-exceptions","exceptionReview":"reviewed-not-excepted","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; the rule authorizes the director to exempt a cultivar upon scientific evidence, but no current official exemption roster was located, so no cultivar result is projected"}},{"status":"invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["HI"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-HI-Plantae6201","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Ailanthus altissima","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"D2","label":"invasive (category D2)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021dw), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=AIAL"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae6202","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Ailanthus altissima","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021dw), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=AIAL"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}},{"status":"noxious-listed","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WA"]},"authority":"Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board","source":"washington-wac-16-750-2026","sourceRecordId":"wac-16-750-015:ailanthus-altissima","sourceVersion":"WAC-16-750-current-through-2026-list-amendments","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Ailanthus altissima","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"Class C","label":"Class C — county control may be required"},"associatedReferences":["https://app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=16-750-015"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"unique exact same-rank federal scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; compound, hybrid, cultivar and exception-bearing WAC rows are retained in review data but never projected"}},{"status":"noxious-listed","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"]},"authority":"Virginia Board of Agriculture and Consumer Services","source":"virginia-2vac5-317-noxious-weeds-2024","sourceRecordId":"2vac5-317-20:tier-3:01","sourceVersion":"2VAC5-317-20-amended-effective-2024-07-04-reviewed-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Ailanthus altissima","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"2VAC5-317-20 Tier 3","label":"Tier 3 noxious weed — Present in the Commonwealth; spread may be slowed by movement restrictions; successful eradication or suppression is not feasible"},"associatedReferences":["https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section20/","https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section10/","https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section30/","https://register.dls.virginia.gov/details.aspx?id=11101"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"activity-restriction","statement":"A regulated article is any listed noxious weed or any article carrying or capable of carrying a listed noxious weed. Move means to ship, offer for shipment, receive for transportation, carry, or otherwise transport, move, or allow to be moved. The movement of a regulated article is prohibited unless accompanied by a valid certificate or permit.","sourceUrl":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section30/"},{"kind":"operational-exception","statement":"The movement rule allows either a valid certificate or a permit to accompany the regulated article. A certificate is issued or authorized by the commissioner and indicates that the regulated article is not contaminated with a noxious weed. A permit is issued by the commissioner for movement of regulated articles to restricted destinations for limited handling, utilization, processing, or scientific purposes.","sourceUrl":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section10/"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; FireApproved publishes only this unique exact same-rank plant match, and the source's Oplismenus infraspecific row is retained without species-page projection"}},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AZ"]},"authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing 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name at the same rank"},"seedRegulation":{"sourceSheet":"AZ","sourceRow":60,"sourceSectionHeading":"Prohibited","governingSectionRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:AZ:003","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","printedCommonName":"Tree of Heaven","printedScientificName":"Ailanthus altissima","category":"prohibited","stateNoteReferences":[],"commerceBoundary":"USDA AMS identifies this publication as state labeling requirements and prohibitions for noxious-weed seed, in Federal Seed Act interstate-commerce context for agricultural and vegetable 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seed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/fsa"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"seed-kind-scope","statement":"Printed governing section — Restricted","sourceUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"The printed source taxon exactly equals a unique stored scientific or accepted name at the same rank"},"seedRegulation":{"sourceSheet":"CA","sourceRow":193,"sourceSectionHeading":"Restricted","governingSectionRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:CA:066","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","printedCommonName":"Tree of heaven","printedScientificName":"Ailanthus altissima","category":"restricted","stateNoteReferences":[],"commerceBoundary":"USDA AMS identifies this publication as state labeling requirements and prohibitions for noxious-weed seed, in Federal Seed Act interstate-commerce context for agricultural and vegetable seed.","sourceSnapshotSha256":"723a5304a48ed575d67b67605f1af5bed86f1972f2890e0ba5592f63accaba4c","officialWorkbookUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","officialPdfUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WV"]},"authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:WV:026","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Ailanthus altissima","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"WV-prohibited","label":"Prohibited noxious-weed seed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/fsa"],"regulatoryConditions":[{"kind":"seed-kind-scope","statement":"Printed governing section — Prohibited","sourceUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"The printed source taxon exactly equals a unique stored scientific or accepted name at the same rank"},"seedRegulation":{"sourceSheet":"WV","sourceRow":26,"sourceSectionHeading":"Prohibited","governingSectionRecordId":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026:WV:002","seedKindScope":"state-seed-list-general","printedCommonName":"Tree of heaven","printedScientificName":"Ailanthus altissima","category":"prohibited","stateNoteReferences":[],"commerceBoundary":"USDA AMS identifies this publication as state labeling requirements and prohibitions for noxious-weed seed, in Federal Seed Act interstate-commerce context for agricultural and vegetable seed.","sourceSnapshotSha256":"723a5304a48ed575d67b67605f1af5bed86f1972f2890e0ba5592f63accaba4c","officialWorkbookUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeeds.xlsx","officialPdfUrl":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf"}}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"ailanthus-altissima","sourceTaxon":"Ailanthus altissima","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"5a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-18,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"AIAL","sourceTaxon":"Ailanthus altissima","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 93819, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":50,"sun":"full","waterNeed":"moderate","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/ailanthus-altissima.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/215759282","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/127112855","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) John Abrams, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"MODERATELY Firewise (2)","claims":"Very tolerant of inner-city environvent. Generally considered very invasive and a weed tree.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ4","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"dibble-2007-northeastern-invasives","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"high effective heat of combustion (author-named group)","score":{"value":14.72,"scale":"AEHOC-MJ-kg"},"claims":"Conditioned foliage and twigs were tested at 25 kW/m2 in a cone calorimeter.","plantPart":"shoot","condition":"cured","edition":"2007","url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/31137.pdf","documentDate":"2007-08-20T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"molina-2017-ignition-index","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"Moderately flammable (Valette 2)","score":{"value":2,"scale":"valette-0-5-live-leaf"},"claims":"Table 2 reports 297.5% foliar moisture, 9.89 s mean time to ignition, and 5.79 s mean flame duration across 200 live-leaf samples.","plantPart":"leaf","condition":"green","edition":"2017","url":"https://helvia.uco.es/xmlui/bitstream/10396/27022/3/","documentDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"girona-pirojardineria-2020","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"PROHIBIDA","claims":"Ailanthus altissima is rated “PROHIBIDA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"prohibited as a regulated invasive plant; not a fire-suitability verdict","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"},"edition":"2020 Spanish edition","url":"https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf","documentDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3511.03","score":{"value":3511.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2858; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dibble2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Dibble2007: Dibble, A. C., White, R. H., & Lebow, P. K. (2007). Combustion characteristics of north-eastern USA vegetation tested in the cone calorimeter: invasive versus non-invasive plants. International journal of wildland fire, 16, 426-443.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dibble2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.89","score":{"value":9.89,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9290; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 5.79","score":{"value":5.79,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9308; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 2","score":{"value":2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9326; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 18.95","score":{"value":18.95,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9357; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2019-1; sampling july and september. Primary study Molina2019: Molina, J., Lora, A., Prades, C., & Silva, F. R. (2019). Roadside vegetation planning and conservation: New approach to prevent and mitigate wildfires based on fire ignition potential. Forest ecology and management, 444, 163-173.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 6.02","score":{"value":6.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9371; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2019-1; sampling july and september. Primary study Molina2019: Molina, J., Lora, A., Prades, C., & Silva, F. R. (2019). Roadside vegetation planning and conservation: New approach to prevent and mitigate wildfires based on fire ignition potential. Forest ecology and management, 444, 163-173.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 5.28","score":{"value":5.28,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9385; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2019-1; sampling july and september. Primary study Molina2019: Molina, J., Lora, A., Prades, C., & Silva, F. R. (2019). Roadside vegetation planning and conservation: New approach to prevent and mitigate wildfires based on fire ignition potential. Forest ecology and management, 444, 163-173.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 1.13","score":{"value":1.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9399; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2019-1; sampling july and september. Primary study Molina2019: Molina, J., Lora, A., Prades, C., & Silva, F. R. (2019). Roadside vegetation planning and conservation: New approach to prevent and mitigate wildfires based on fire ignition potential. 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FireApproved publishes 37 exact source owners only as multi-state laboratory context. The source does not establish that every taxon was sampled in every named state, whole-plant behavior, landscape suitability, or state planting guidance.","sourceVersion":"USDA-Treesearch-31137-2007","asOf":"2007-08-20T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"cured","evidence":[{"source":"dibble-2007-northeastern-invasives","verdict":"avoid","url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/31137.pdf","claims":"Conditioned foliage and twigs were tested at 25 kW/m2 in a cone calorimeter.","evidenceIndex":1}]},{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"molina-2017-ignition-index","verdict":"mixed","url":"https://helvia.uco.es/xmlui/bitstream/10396/27022/3/","claims":"Table 2 reports 297.5% foliar moisture, 9.89 s mean time to ignition, and 5.79 s mean flame duration across 200 live-leaf samples.","evidenceIndex":2}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{"IN":{"outcome":"listed","designation":"prohibited","heading":"Prohibited here","message":"Designated prohibited in the reviewed Indiana 312 IAC 18-3-25 Prohibited Invasive Terrestrial Plants as of 2026-08-26.","source":"indiana-312-iac-18-3-25-2020","sourceName":"Indiana 312 IAC 18-3-25 Prohibited Invasive Terrestrial Plants","authority":"Indiana Department of Natural Resources","officialReference":"https://iar.iga.in.gov/code/2026/312/18#312-18-3-25","geographicGrain":"state","sourceVersion":"IAC-2026-312-18-3-25+20190417-IR-312180316FRA+20190417-IR-312190176ACA+20250423-IR-312240574RFA","asOf":"2026-08-26","blockerRecordIds":[]},"OH":{"outcome":"listed","designation":"prohibited","heading":"Prohibited here","message":"Designated prohibited in the reviewed Ohio OAC 901:5-30-01 Invasive Plant Species as of 2026-08-26.","source":"ohio-oac-901-5-30-01-2023","sourceName":"Ohio OAC 901:5-30-01 Invasive Plant Species","authority":"Ohio Department of Agriculture","officialReference":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-901%3A5-30-01","geographicGrain":"state","sourceVersion":"OAC-901:5-30-01-effective-2023-02-13","asOf":"2026-08-26","blockerRecordIds":[]},"VA":{"outcome":"listed","designation":"noxious-listed","heading":"Noxious-listed here","message":"Designated noxious listed in the reviewed Virginia 2VAC5-317 Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 Noxious Weeds as of 2026-08-26.","source":"virginia-2vac5-317-noxious-weeds-2024","sourceName":"Virginia 2VAC5-317 Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 Noxious Weeds","authority":"Virginia Board of Agriculture and Consumer Services","officialReference":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title2/agency5/chapter317/section20/","geographicGrain":"state","sourceVersion":"2VAC5-317-20-amended-effective-2024-07-04-reviewed-2026-08-26","asOf":"2026-08-26","blockerRecordIds":[]}},"seedReviews":{"AZ":{"outcome":"listed","source":"usda-ams-state-noxious-weed-seed-2026","sourceName":"USDA AMS State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements","authority":"State seed requirements compiled and published by USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division","officialReference":"https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/StateNoxiousWeedsSeedList.pdf","geographicGrain":"state","designationDomain":"seed","regulatedMaterial":"agricultural-and-vegetable-seed","sourceVersion":"USDA-AMS-State-Noxious-Weed-Seed-Requirements-Revised-July-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26","blockerRecordIds":[],"distinction":"This answers only whether the plant identity appears in the July 2026 state noxious-weed seed sheet. It does not establish non-seed plant legal status, ecological-invasive status, nursery-sale rules, or unrestricted use.","designations":["Prohibited noxious-weed seed"],"heading":"Seed listed here","message":"Prohibited noxious-weed seed in the reviewed state seed sheet as of 2026-08-26."}}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"CO","status":"noxious-listed","source":"colorado-8-ccr-1206-2-v10787"},{"state":"DE","status":"noxious-listed","source":"delaware-3-de-admin-code-806-2026"},{"state":"IN","status":"noxious-listed","source":"indiana-312-iac-18-3-25-2020"},{"state":"ME","status":"noxious-listed","source":"maine-chapter-273-invasive-plants-2022-092"},{"state":"MA","status":"noxious-listed","source":"massachusetts-prohibited-plant-list-2026-05"},{"state":"OH","status":"noxious-listed","source":"ohio-oac-901-5-30-01-2023"},{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"},{"state":"WA","status":"noxious-listed","source":"washington-wac-16-750-2026"},{"state":"VA","status":"noxious-listed","source":"virginia-2vac5-317-noxious-weeds-2024"}],"usdaZoneMin":"5a"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}