{"id":"adenostoma-fasciculatum","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Adenostoma fasciculatum","commonNames":["Chamise, greasewood"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Adenostoma fasciculatum","family":"Rosaceae","ids":{"gbifKey":3030227},"regions":["EE. UU."],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"shrub","evidence":[{"source":"lubin-shelly-1997-ucfpl-compilation","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Not recommended by 8 references for use in high fire risk areas.","claims":"1997 Landscape Vegetation Database row: Adenostoma fasciculatum (Chamise, greasewood). Preserved UCFPL transcription marker: U8.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Chapter 4, Landscape Vegetation Database","scheme":"ucfpl-1997"},"edition":"Internal Report 36.01.137 (July 1997)","url":"https://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/uc_forestproductslabdefensiblespaceplantlist_ocr.pdf","documentDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 311","score":{"value":311,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3301; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Engstrom2004-1; sampling ND. Primary study Engstrom2004: Engstrom, J. D., Butler, J. K., Smith, S. G., Baxter, L. L., Fletcher, T. H., & Weise, D. R. (2004). Ignition behavior of live California chaparral leaves. Combustion Science and Technology, 176, 1577-1591.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Engstrom2004","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.09","score":{"value":2.09,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3526; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.78","score":{"value":1.78,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3527; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.1","score":{"value":2.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3528; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.4","score":{"value":2.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3529; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.53","score":{"value":2.53,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3530; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.66","score":{"value":2.66,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3531; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.98","score":{"value":2.98,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3532; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.8","score":{"value":1.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3533; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4","score":{"value":4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3534; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.7","score":{"value":6.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3535; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.65","score":{"value":5.65,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3536; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 5.66","score":{"value":5.66,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3556; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 9.14","score":{"value":9.14,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3557; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 8.59","score":{"value":8.59,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3558; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 8.1","score":{"value":8.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3559; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 11.66","score":{"value":11.66,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3560; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 9.88","score":{"value":9.88,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3561; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 5.9","score":{"value":5.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3562; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 9.7","score":{"value":9.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3563; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 7.37","score":{"value":7.37,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3564; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 10.92","score":{"value":10.92,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3565; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 335.03","score":{"value":335.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3582; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 336.24","score":{"value":336.24,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3583; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 298.84","score":{"value":298.84,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3584; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 320.03","score":{"value":320.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3585; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 347.37","score":{"value":347.37,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3586; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 385.94","score":{"value":385.94,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3587; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 405.32","score":{"value":405.32,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3588; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 447.7","score":{"value":447.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3589; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 463.52","score":{"value":463.52,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3590; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Gallacher2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Gallacher2014: Gallacher, J. R., Lansinger, V., Hansen, S., Jack, D., Weise, D. R., & Fletcher, T. H. (2014). Effects of season and heating mode on ignition and burning behavior of three species of live fuel measured in a flat-flame burner system.  Spring Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Pasadena, CA.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gallacher2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 22.02","score":{"value":22.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9052; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling april. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 20.34","score":{"value":20.34,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9053; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling may. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 19.58","score":{"value":19.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9054; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling june. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 19.11","score":{"value":19.11,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9055; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling july. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 22.41","score":{"value":22.41,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9056; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling august. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 21.14","score":{"value":21.14,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9057; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling september. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 23.91","score":{"value":23.91,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9058; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling october. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 20.91","score":{"value":20.91,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9059; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling november. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 20.99","score":{"value":20.99,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9060; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling december. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 25.48","score":{"value":25.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9061; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling january. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 27.04","score":{"value":27.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9062; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling february. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 26.44","score":{"value":26.44,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9063; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-2; sampling march. Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"McAllister2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 22.19","score":{"value":22.19,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12964; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Sun2006-1; sampling spring and fall. Primary study Sun2006: Sun, L., Zhou, X., Mahalingam, S., & Weise, D. R. (2006). Comparison of burning characteristics of live and dead chaparral fuels. Combustion and Flame, 144, 349-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sun2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 15.3","score":{"value":15.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12967; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Sun2006-1; sampling spring and fall. Primary study Sun2006: Sun, L., Zhou, X., Mahalingam, S., & Weise, D. R. (2006). Comparison of burning characteristics of live and dead chaparral fuels. Combustion and Flame, 144, 349-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sun2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 6.11","score":{"value":6.11,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12970; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Sun2006-1; sampling spring and fall. Primary study Sun2006: Sun, L., Zhou, X., Mahalingam, S., & Weise, D. R. (2006). Comparison of burning characteristics of live and dead chaparral fuels. Combustion and Flame, 144, 349-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Sun2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 138","score":{"value":138,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13754; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling august. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 108","score":{"value":108,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13755; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling december. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 104","score":{"value":104,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13756; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling march. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 100","score":{"value":100,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13757; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling may. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 260","score":{"value":260,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13779; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling august. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 287","score":{"value":287,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13780; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling december. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 302","score":{"value":302,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13781; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling march. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 264","score":{"value":264,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13782; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling may. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3964.84","score":{"value":3964.84,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13817; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling august. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4275.34","score":{"value":4275.34,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13818; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling december. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4132.03","score":{"value":4132.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13819; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling march. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3845.42","score":{"value":3845.42,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13820; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling may. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 127","score":{"value":127,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13855; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling august. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 165","score":{"value":165,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13856; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling december. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 140","score":{"value":140,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13857; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling march. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 127","score":{"value":127,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13858; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling may. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1648.04","score":{"value":1648.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13893; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling august. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2030.19","score":{"value":2030.19,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13894; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling december. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2197.38","score":{"value":2197.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13895; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling march. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1767.46","score":{"value":1767.46,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13896; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling may. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 94","score":{"value":94,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13935; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 127","score":{"value":127,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13936; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1218.11","score":{"value":1218.11,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13943; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to maximum heat release rate (s): 579","score":{"value":579,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to maximum heat release rate (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13945; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 50","score":{"value":50,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13952; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 91","score":{"value":91,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13953; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1456.95","score":{"value":1456.95,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13961; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to maximum heat release rate (s): 101","score":{"value":101,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to maximum heat release rate (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13965; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 69","score":{"value":69,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13969; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 96","score":{"value":96,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13970; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1624.15","score":{"value":1624.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13975; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to maximum heat release rate (s): 164","score":{"value":164,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to maximum heat release rate (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13977; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 102","score":{"value":102,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13982; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 246","score":{"value":246,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13983; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 156","score":{"value":156,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13984; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 76","score":{"value":76,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13985; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 161","score":{"value":161,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13994; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 79","score":{"value":79,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14003; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1839.11","score":{"value":1839.11,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14010; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4346.99","score":{"value":4346.99,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14045; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2173.49","score":{"value":2173.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14055; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4920.23","score":{"value":4920.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14146; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling august. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5302.38","score":{"value":5302.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14147; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling november. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4657.49","score":{"value":4657.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14148; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling march. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4323.11","score":{"value":4323.11,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14149; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling may. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 246","score":{"value":246,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14199; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling august. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 254","score":{"value":254,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14200; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling november. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 253","score":{"value":253,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14201; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling march. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 189","score":{"value":189,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14202; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling may. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 102","score":{"value":102,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14237; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling august. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 118","score":{"value":118,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14238; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling november. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 150","score":{"value":150,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14239; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling march. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 91","score":{"value":91,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14240; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling may. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 42.85","score":{"value":42.85,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17481; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site McAllister2014-2; sampling ND. Primary study McAllister2014: McAllister S., & Finney, M. (2014). Convection Ignition of Live Forest Fuels. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8","score":{"value":8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17482; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site McAllister2014-2; sampling ND. Primary study McAllister2014: McAllister S., & Finney, M. (2014). Convection Ignition of Live Forest Fuels. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"McAllister2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.0225","score":{"value":0.0225,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18240; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Pickett2010: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2010). Experimental measurements during combustion of moist individual foliage samples. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, 153-162 .","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pickett2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.0177","score":{"value":0.0177,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18241; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Pickett2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Pickett2010: Pickett, B. M., Isackson, C., Wunder, R., Fletcher, T. H., Butler, B. W., & Weise, D. R. (2010). Experimental measurements during combustion of moist individual foliage samples. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, 153-162 .","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pickett2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 11.7","score":{"value":11.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19951; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Leventon2023-1; sampling may and july 2017. Primary study Leventon2023: Leventon, I. T., Yang, J., & Bruns, M. C. (2023). Thermal decomposition of vegetative fuels and the impact of measured variations on simulations of wildfire spread. Fire Safety Journal, 137, 103762.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Leventon2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 8.9","score":{"value":8.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19957; Combustibility measurement; plant part stems; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Leventon2023-1; sampling may and july 2017. Primary study Leventon2023: Leventon, I. T., Yang, J., & Bruns, M. C. (2023). Thermal decomposition of vegetative fuels and the impact of measured variations on simulations of wildfire spread. Fire Safety Journal, 137, 103762.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Leventon2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"lubin-shelly-1997-ucfpl-compilation","sourceName":"Defensible Space Landscaping in the Urban/Wildland Interface: A Compilation of Fire Performance Ratings of Residential Landscape Plants","sourceUrl":"https://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/uc_forestproductslabdefensiblespaceplantlist_ocr.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The UC Forest Products Laboratory says the guide covers properties of common California landscaping plants and was prepared for California fire agencies. FireApproved publishes 130 exact owners at historical California publication scope. The report is a 1997 compilation, not a current endorsement, site rating, or independent test of every row.","sourceVersion":"UCFPL-Internal-Report-36.01.137-1997-07","asOf":"1997-07-01T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["CA"],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}