{"id":"acmena-smithii","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Acmena smithii","commonNames":["Lilly Pilly"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Syzygium smithii","family":"Myrtaceae","ids":{"gbifKey":3184410,"wikidataQid":"Q63991537","inatTaxonId":338330},"regions":["Queensland, Australia","Tasmania, Australia","Victoria, Australia"],"plantForm":"tree","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/acmena-smithii.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/590278067","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/325968479","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) T. Hammer, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"tfs-fire-resisting","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"High Flammability","sourcePlacement":{"value":"remove from the Building Protection Zone; avoid in the Fuel Modified Zone","scheme":"tfs-bpz"},"edition":"2017","url":"https://www.fire.tas.gov.au/mysite/publications/1709%20Brochure.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"apsvic","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"fire-retardant (resists the first flame wave, may burn once dried)","url":"https://apsvic.org.au/fire-resistant-and-retardant-plants/","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"wyse-2016-nz-60-species","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"Moderate/high flammability category (Fig. 2)","claims":"Shoot category from the paper's cluster analysis; samples were air-dried for 24 hours before testing.","plantPart":"shoot","edition":"2016","url":"https://researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz/bitstreams/f71e918c-7752-443a-a5ed-8307c07ae635/download","documentDate":"2016-02-25T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 100","score":{"value":100,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1505; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 598.8","score":{"value":598.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1699; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 16.8","score":{"value":16.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1893; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 23.1","score":{"value":23.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2087; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Cui2020a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 18.48","score":{"value":18.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3854; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Gill1996-1; sampling march to april. Primary study Gill1996: Gill, M., & Moore, P. (1996). Ignitibility of leaves of Australian plants. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Gill1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.77","score":{"value":3.77,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3903; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Gill1996-1; sampling march to april. Primary study Gill1996: Gill, M., & Moore, P. (1996). Ignitibility of leaves of Australian plants. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Gill1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 100","score":{"value":100,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14376; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Wyse2016-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wyse2016: Wyse, S. V., Perry, G. L. W., O'Connell, D. M., Holland, P. S., Wright, M. J., Hosted, C. L., ... Curran, T. J. (2016). A quantitative assessment of shoot flammability for 60 tree and shrub species supports rankings based on expert opinion. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 25, 466-477.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Wyse2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 598.8","score":{"value":598.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14436; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Wyse2016-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wyse2016: Wyse, S. V., Perry, G. L. W., O'Connell, D. M., Holland, P. S., Wright, M. J., Hosted, C. L., ... Curran, T. J. (2016). A quantitative assessment of shoot flammability for 60 tree and shrub species supports rankings based on expert opinion. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 25, 466-477.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Wyse2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 16.8","score":{"value":16.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14496; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Wyse2016-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wyse2016: Wyse, S. V., Perry, G. L. W., O'Connell, D. M., Holland, P. S., Wright, M. J., Hosted, C. L., ... Curran, T. J. (2016). A quantitative assessment of shoot flammability for 60 tree and shrub species supports rankings based on expert opinion. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 25, 466-477.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Wyse2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 23.1","score":{"value":23.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14556; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Wyse2016-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wyse2016: Wyse, S. V., Perry, G. L. W., O'Connell, D. M., Holland, P. S., Wright, M. J., Hosted, C. L., ... Curran, T. J. (2016). A quantitative assessment of shoot flammability for 60 tree and shrub species supports rankings based on expert opinion. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 25, 466-477.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Wyse2016","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 87","score":{"value":87,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15032; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Potts2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Potts2022: Potts, E., Tng, D., Apgaua, D., Curran, T. J., Engert, J., & Laurance, S. G. (2022). Growth form and functional traits influence the shoot flammability of tropical rainforest species. Forest Ecology and Management, 522, 120485.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Potts2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 32.58","score":{"value":32.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15156; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Potts2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Potts2022: Potts, E., Tng, D., Apgaua, D., Curran, T. J., Engert, J., & Laurance, S. G. (2022). Growth form and functional traits influence the shoot flammability of tropical rainforest species. Forest Ecology and Management, 522, 120485.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Potts2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 780.9","score":{"value":780.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15280; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Potts2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Potts2022: Potts, E., Tng, D., Apgaua, D., Curran, T. J., Engert, J., & Laurance, S. G. (2022). Growth form and functional traits influence the shoot flammability of tropical rainforest species. Forest Ecology and Management, 522, 120485.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Potts2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.5","score":{"value":2.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19313; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildland–urban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Murray2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 30.1","score":{"value":30.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19314; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildland–urban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Murray2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 549.7","score":{"value":549.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19315; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildland–urban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Murray2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"estimated burnt biomass (%): 27.5","score":{"value":27.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19316; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildland–urban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Murray2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ozbreed-fire-retardant-plants","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"List 2 — Red Head Acmena smithii ‘BWNRED’ A; Sublime™ Acmena smithii ‘DOW30’ A","claims":"The review says this genus and species appears regularly on multiple fire-retardant plant lists.","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"2014 PDF","url":"https://www.ozbreed.com.au/download/fire_retardant_plants.pdf","documentDate":"2014-01-23T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"canberra-plant-selector","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Fire Retardant — Yes — Acmena smithii minor","claims":"The live Canberra Plant Selector marks “Acmena smithii minor” as “Fire Retardant: Yes.”","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"filtered result page 11","scheme":"canberra-selector"},"edition":"live tool capture 2026-08-25","url":"https://plantselector.com.au/browse-plants/?fire_retardant%5B0%5D=1","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"wildlife-qld-fire-resistant-natives","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Lilly pilly is not only fire-resistant but also provides excellent habitat and food for birds and other wildlife.","claims":"The heading presents Acmena smithii, also named there as Syzygium smithii, among three fire-resistant natives suitable for Queensland backyards.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Top fire-resistant native plants for Queensland","scheme":"wildlife-qld-article-section"},"edition":"20 November 2024 web article","url":"https://wildlife.org.au/top-fire-resistant-native-plants/","documentDate":"2024-11-20T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"disputed","recommendation":"conflict","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"conflict","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}