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reserved","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"MODERATELY Firewise (2)","claims":"Used interchangeably with sugar maple, also source of maple sugar.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ3","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 87","score":{"value":87,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12638; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Shi2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shi2013: Shi, L., & Chew, M. Y. L. (2013). Experimental study of woods under external heat flux by autoignition. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, 111, 1399-1407.","original":"Shi2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 87","score":{"value":87,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12644; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Shi2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shi2013: Shi, L., & Chew, M. Y. L. (2013). Experimental study of woods under external heat flux by autoignition. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, 111, 1399-1407.","original":"Shi2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 56","score":{"value":56,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12650; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Shi2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shi2013: Shi, L., & Chew, M. Y. L. (2013). Experimental study of woods under external heat flux by autoignition. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, 111, 1399-1407.","original":"Shi2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 26","score":{"value":26,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12656; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Shi2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shi2013: Shi, L., & Chew, M. Y. L. (2013). Experimental study of woods under external heat flux by autoignition. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, 111, 1399-1407.","original":"Shi2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 26","score":{"value":26,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12662; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Shi2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shi2013: Shi, L., & Chew, M. Y. L. (2013). Experimental study of woods under external heat flux by autoignition. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, 111, 1399-1407.","original":"Shi2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 18","score":{"value":18,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12668; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Shi2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shi2013: Shi, L., & Chew, M. Y. L. (2013). Experimental study of woods under external heat flux by autoignition. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, 111, 1399-1407.","original":"Shi2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 436","score":{"value":436,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12674; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Shi2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shi2013: Shi, L., & Chew, M. Y. L. (2013). Experimental study of woods under external heat flux by autoignition. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, 111, 1399-1407.","original":"Shi2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 491.1","score":{"value":491.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12680; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Shi2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shi2013: Shi, L., & Chew, M. Y. L. (2013). Experimental study of woods under external heat flux by autoignition. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, 111, 1399-1407.","original":"Shi2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 393","score":{"value":393,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12686; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Shi2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shi2013: Shi, L., & Chew, M. Y. L. (2013). Experimental study of woods under external heat flux by autoignition. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, 111, 1399-1407.","original":"Shi2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 332.4","score":{"value":332.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12692; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Shi2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shi2013: Shi, L., & Chew, M. Y. L. (2013). Experimental study of woods under external heat flux by autoignition. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, 111, 1399-1407.","original":"Shi2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 399.2","score":{"value":399.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12698; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Shi2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shi2013: Shi, L., & Chew, M. Y. L. (2013). Experimental study of woods under external heat flux by autoignition. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, 111, 1399-1407.","original":"Shi2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 361.1","score":{"value":361.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12704; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Shi2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Shi2013: Shi, L., & Chew, M. Y. L. (2013). Experimental study of woods under external heat flux by autoignition. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, 111, 1399-1407.","original":"Shi2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"mid-scale","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AL","AR","CT","DC","DE","GA","IA","IL","IN","KS","KY","MA","MD","MI","MN","MO","NC","NH","NJ","NY","OH","PA","SD","TN","VA","VT","WI","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ALA — 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U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MSO — Missouri"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NCA — North Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NH"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWH — New Hampshire"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NJ"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN 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level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 PEN — Pennsylvania"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEN — Tennessee"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VRG — Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VER — Vermont"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WIS — Wisconsin"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WVA — West Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL","AR","CT","DC","DE","GA","IA","IL","IN","KS","KY","MA","MD","MI","MN","MO","NC","NH","NJ","NY","OH","PA","SD","TN","VA","VT","WI","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"4a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"acer-nigrum","sourceTaxon":"Acer nigrum","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"2a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-47,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"ACNI5","sourceTaxon":"Acer nigrum","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 92832, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"2a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-47,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"ACNI5","sourceTaxon":"Acer nigrum","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 92832, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"acer-nigrum","sourceTaxon":"Acer nigrum","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"2a","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-47,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"ACNI5","sourceTaxon":"Acer nigrum","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 92832, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["AL","AR","CT","DE","GA","IA","IL","IN","KS","KY","MA","MD","MI","MN","MO","NC","NH","NJ","NY","OH","PA","TN","VA","VT","WI","WV"],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"2a"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}