{"id":"acer-macrophyllum","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Acer macrophyllum","commonNames":["Bigleaf maple"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Acer macrophyllum","family":"Sapindaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"ACMA3","gbifKey":3189835,"itisTsn":28748,"wikidataQid":"Q599523","inatTaxonId":48227},"usdaZoneMin":"5a","usdaZoneMax":"8b","zoneSource":"pnw590","states":["CA","ID","OR","WA"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WAS — Washington"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5","maximum":"8","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"pnw-590","sourceRecordId":"trees:Bigleaf maple","sourceTaxon":"Acer macrophyllum","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Bigleaf maple profile, USDA hardiness zones field","sourceVersion":"2023-10","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"5b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-14,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"ACMA3","sourceTaxon":"Acer macrophyllum","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 92813, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":60,"waterNeed":"moderate","fireEcologyContexts":[{"source":"usfs-feis","sourceRecordId":"ACEMAC","sourceTaxon":"Acer macrophyllum","taxonMatch":"exact-scientific-name","reviewTitle":"Acer macrophyllum, bigleaf maple","reviewWritten":"2011-12","pageLastUpdated":"2026-02-25T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/acemac","catalogVersion":"feis-species-reviews-2026-08-26-sha256-904b6f178d41","assertions":[{"dimension":"immediate-fire-effect","statement":"Thin bark leaves most size classes vulnerable to top-kill, although some large mature trees can survive moderate-severity fire.","section":"Immediate Fire Effects","anchor":"management"},{"dimension":"postfire-response","statement":"Root-crown buds support sprouting after top-kill, and FEIS reports postfire establishment in Washington, Oregon, and northern California.","section":"Plant Response to Fire","anchor":"management"},{"dimension":"fuels","statement":"On the moist to mesic sites it favors, bigleaf maple can contribute substantial large-leaf litter to site fuel loads.","section":"Fuels","anchor":"management"}]}],"photo":{"file":"/images/plants/acer-macrophyllum.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/305113974","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/175558796","license":"cc-by-sa","attribution":"(c) Rand Workman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"pnw-590","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed fire-resistant","edition":"2023","url":"https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pub/pnw-590-fire-resistant-plants-home-landscapes","documentDate":"2023-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"wa-dnr-eastern-wa","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed fire-resistant","url":"https://www.dnr.wa.gov/publications/rp_fire_resistant_plants_guide_easternwa.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"anaheim-2018","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed fire-resistant","edition":"2018","url":"https://www.anaheim.net/DocumentCenter/View/26964/Fire-Resistive-Plant-Species","documentDate":"2018-02-06T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firesmart-bc","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"FireSmart-approved fire-resistant plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable for HIZ extended zone (30-100 m)","scheme":"firesmart-hiz"},"original":"pnw-590","url":"https://firesmartbc.ca/landscaping-hub/fire-resistant-plants/","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"fitzgerald-waldo-2002-osu-frn6","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Fire-Resistant Plant Materials for Oregon","claims":"Acer macrophyllum (Bigleaf maple) is listed under “Trees—deciduous” for Southern and Western Oregon. The guide says most listed plants require some irrigation during Oregon's dry summer months and must be maintained in a healthy condition.","plantPart":"whole-plant","condition":"green","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Southern and Western Oregon","scheme":"osu-frn6-oregon-regions"},"edition":"Forest Resource Note No. 6","url":"https://www.iatp.org/sites/default/files/Fire_Resistant_Plants_for_Oregon_Home_Landscap.pdf","documentDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-plant-profile-galleries","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Choose the right trees for your fire-resistant landscape","claims":"The Bigleaf maple profile prints Acer macrophyllum. The gallery points to PNW 590 for complete details.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Bigleaf maple — Acer macrophyllum","scheme":"osu-2023-trees-gallery"},"edition":"November 2023 educational gallery","url":"https://extension.oregonstate.edu/gallery/fire-resistant-plant-profiles-trees","documentDate":"2023-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["CA","ID","OR","WA"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WAS — Washington"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA","ID","OR","WA"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"5a","usdaZoneMax":"8b","hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5","maximum":"8","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"pnw-590","sourceRecordId":"trees:Bigleaf maple","sourceTaxon":"Acer macrophyllum","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Bigleaf maple profile, USDA hardiness zones field","sourceVersion":"2023-10","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"5b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-14,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"ACMA3","sourceTaxon":"Acer macrophyllum","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 92813, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"overlapping","assertions":[{"minimum":"5","maximum":"8","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"pnw-590","sourceRecordId":"trees:Bigleaf maple","sourceTaxon":"Acer macrophyllum","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Bigleaf maple profile, USDA hardiness zones field","sourceVersion":"2023-10","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"5b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-14,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"ACMA3","sourceTaxon":"Acer macrophyllum","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 92813, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"pnw-590","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Plants for Home Landscapes (PNW 590)","sourceUrl":"https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pub/pnw-590-fire-resistant-plants-home-landscapes","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ID","OR","WA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The October 2023 joint Pacific Northwest Extension publication explicitly names Oregon, Washington, and Idaho and publishes more than 150 plant profiles. FireApproved has normalized 155 exact plant records from the source; publication scope does not assert that every listed plant suits every site within the three states.","sourceVersion":"PNW-590-October-2023","asOf":"2023-10-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"wa-dnr-eastern-wa","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Plants for Eastern Washington","sourceUrl":"https://dnr.wa.gov/publications/rp_fire_resistant_plants_guide_easternwa.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["WA"],"regions":["Eastern Washington"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Washington DNR publishes the guide for Eastern Washington and says it compiles plants from other Firewise documents that are likely to thrive there. FireApproved publishes 46 exact owners only as eastern Washington context. The rows are corroborative, not empirical or statewide.","sourceVersion":"WA-DNR-Eastern-Washington-live-2026-08-26"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"fitzgerald-waldo-2002-osu-frn6","verdict":"recommend","url":"https://www.iatp.org/sites/default/files/Fire_Resistant_Plants_for_Oregon_Home_Landscap.pdf","claims":"Acer macrophyllum (Bigleaf maple) is listed under “Trees—deciduous” for Southern and Western Oregon. The guide says most listed plants require some irrigation during Oregon's dry summer months and must be maintained in a healthy condition.","evidenceIndex":4}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["CA","OR","WA"],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}