{"id":"acacia","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Acacia spp.","commonNames":["Acacias"],"taxonRank":"genus","acceptedName":"Acacia","family":"Fabaceae","ids":{"gbifKey":2978223},"regions":["China"],"plantForm":"tree","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/acacia.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/25052645","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Andy McKay, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Andy McKay","fetchedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"onf-dfci-haies-2012","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Très forte fire sensitivity","claims":"The fiche's overall sensitivity combines experimental-bench inflammability, intensity, and combustion measurements with foresters' observations of fire damage.","claimOriginal":"Sensibilité au feu : Très forte","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"2012","url":"https://www.biot.fr/media-file/1393/guide-dfci-haies.pdf","documentDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"lubin-shelly-1997-ucfpl-compilation","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"Conflicting information on fire performance.","claims":"1997 Landscape Vegetation Database row: Acacia spp. (Acacia). Preserved UCFPL transcription marker: U2, C2.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Chapter 4, Landscape Vegetation Database","scheme":"ucfpl-1997"},"edition":"Internal Report 36.01.137 (July 1997)","url":"https://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/uc_forestproductslabdefensiblespaceplantlist_ocr.pdf","documentDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 319","score":{"value":319,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17485; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 350","score":{"value":350,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17488; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 353","score":{"value":353,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17491; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 195.5","score":{"value":195.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17497; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 150.5","score":{"value":150.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17501; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 125","score":{"value":125,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17504; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 100","score":{"value":100,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17508; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 43.6","score":{"value":43.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17509; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 53.5","score":{"value":53.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17512; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 58.5","score":{"value":58.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17515; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 25","score":{"value":25,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17521; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 23.3","score":{"value":23.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17525; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 26.7","score":{"value":26.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17528; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17532; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.0005","score":{"value":0.0005,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17533; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.00075","score":{"value":0.00075,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17536; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.00095","score":{"value":0.00095,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17539; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.001133333","score":{"value":0.001133333,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17542; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo selected from license-verified candidates and human-reviewed 2026-08-24 (joint session)."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"lubin-shelly-1997-ucfpl-compilation","sourceName":"Defensible Space Landscaping in the Urban/Wildland Interface: A Compilation of Fire Performance Ratings of Residential Landscape Plants","sourceUrl":"https://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/uc_forestproductslabdefensiblespaceplantlist_ocr.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The UC Forest Products Laboratory says the guide covers properties of common California landscaping plants and was prepared for California fire agencies. FireApproved publishes 130 exact owners at historical California publication scope. The report is a 1997 compilation, not a current endorsement, site rating, or independent test of every row.","sourceVersion":"UCFPL-Internal-Report-36.01.137-1997-07","asOf":"1997-07-01T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}