# FireApproved — full index

FireApproved is a static citation directory for wildfire-resistant construction and plant-flammability evidence. Every status and claim links to the source document it came from. The site issues no ratings of its own.

This file expands https://fireapproved.com/llms.txt with the title and description of every guide and dataset, and every glossary definition in full. Each entry's canonical page holds the sources. A JSON twin exists for every public entity: the `.json` replaces the page's trailing slash, so /plants/{id}/ is served as JSON at /plants/{id}.json.

Licence: FireApproved structured data is CC BY 4.0 except named dataset exceptions. Cited upstream materials retain their own stated rights or terms. Editorial text and images are not CC BY.

## How a plant status is computed

Statuses are computed from the cited evidence rows by a published rule, never hand-assigned. Verdicts tally by independent source lineage rather than by row, so a rater cannot outvote themselves through republication. A lineage carrying both directions is internally conflicted and counts for neither side. The majority direction classifies; a tie is disputed. Direct fire evidence — lab burns, field trials, post-fire surveys — is never silently outvoted by curation. Conflicts stay visible and are not averaged. No plant is fireproof, and Zone 0 is noncombustible regardless of any plant's class.

## Guides (184)

### A million prescribed acres and your backyard
https://fireapproved.com/guides/a-million-prescribed-acres-and-your-backyard/
Mississippi Forestry Commission: 19.2 million forested acres, 77 percent private. FY25 MFC prescribed burning totaled 13,819 acres. FY25 wildfires: 1,702 fires, 43,637 acres. No opened MFC document says the state prescribed-burns a million acres. MFC Firewise Immediate Zone is 0 to 5 feet; remove plants containing resins, oils, and waxes. P2315 has no species list. Pinus palustris, Pinus taeda, and Pinus elliottii compute as avoid and include MS.

### California AB 38 seller disclosure
https://fireapproved.com/guides/ab-38-disclosure/
In a California high or very high fire hazard severity zone, Civil Code 1102.19 requires defensible-space compliance documentation at sale, or a written agreement that the buyer will obtain it within one year. Civil Code 1102.6f adds a fire-hardening notice for homes built before 2010, including the State Fire Marshal’s low-cost retrofit list on or after 1 July 2025. That is disclosure, not a building permit and not Safer from Wildfires.

### Address signs firefighters can find
https://fireapproved.com/guides/address-signs/
Oregon fire-access guides reprint OFC 505.1. Numbers contrast with their background, sit where they are visible from the road fronting the property, and are at least 4 inches high with a 1/2-inch stroke. If the house cannot be seen from the public way, a monument or pole at the driveway is the usual extra. Redmond Fire & Rescue sells a 6-by-12-inch two-sided reflective street sign. That program is not the code section.

### Arizona WUI code status
https://fireapproved.com/guides/arizona-wui-code-status/
Arizona does not adopt a statewide WUI construction book. A.R.S. 11-861 lets a county adopt a current wildland-urban interface code. A.R.S. 9-806 is the parallel option for a city or town. Flagstaff retains a local 2006 IWUIC while Prescott now adopts the 2024 IWUIC with local amendments.

### Artificial turf in Zone 0
https://fireapproved.com/guides/artificial-turf-in-zone-0/
IBHS Base requires the 0–5 foot noncombustible zone to bare mineral soil. Artificial turf is named among combustible groundcover to remove. Noncombustible hardscape is permitted. Oregon R327 does not print a turf rule.

### Bird blocks, boxed soffit, or unvented attic
https://fireapproved.com/guides/bird-block-soffit-unvented/
Where Oregon R327 is adopted, three eave strategies exist. Swap bird blocks for a manufactured ember- and flame-resistant vent, box the soffit on an underside path, or design an unvented attic. Ordinary bird-block mesh is not the exception. This page does not price the three.

### Black Hills ponderosa is an island forest
https://fireapproved.com/guides/black-hills-ponderosa-is-an-island-forest/
SDSU Extension (reviewed by Logan Brown, SD Wildland-Urban Interface specialist): the Black Hills National Forest averages 92 wildfires and about 7,507 acres a year over 30 years; about 70% lightning. Immediate zone 0–5 feet fuel free. There are no fireproof plant species. Common flammable trees include junipers, pines, firs and spruces. Planting conifers is discouraged in the immediate and intermediate zones. Pinus ponderosa computes as avoid and includes SD. FEIS Pinus ponderosa was not opened this session.

### Bridges on a fire apparatus road
https://fireapproved.com/guides/bridges-on-fire-access/
Oregon fire-access guides treat a private bridge as part of the fire apparatus road. Yamhill’s 2025 guide wants AASHTO LRFD design, 20 feet of drivable width, posted load limits, and a registered engineer’s written acceptance. Portland’s 2021 guide still cites AASHTO HB-17. A culvert table is not in those pages. Confirm with the official and the building official.

### Building code upgrade coverage
https://fireapproved.com/guides/building-code-upgrade-coverage/
Building code upgrade coverage, also called ordinance or law, pays extra cost to meet codes in force at rebuild, not just like-kind replacement. California Insurance Code 10103 requires open replacement-cost residential policies to include at least 10 percent of dwelling limits as additional coverage. Oregon DFR pages opened here do not publish that floor.

### California FAIR Plan
https://fireapproved.com/guides/california-fair-plan/
The California FAIR Plan is last-resort basic fire coverage when the standard market will not write the property. CDI says shop first, then apply through a registered broker. Hardening credits apply to the wildfire portion of that premium, not the whole bill. This is not Oregon’s FAIR Plan and not R327.

### Can one yard be hurricane-tough and ember-tough
https://fireapproved.com/guides/can-one-yard-be-hurricane-tough-and-ember-tough/
UF/IFAS FOR 71 (July 2023): remove saw palmetto, wax myrtle, yaupon holly, red cedar, and gallberry within 30 or more feet of the home. They contain resins, oils, and waxes that burn readily. UF/IFAS FOR119: wax myrtle was among the highest-survival species in Hurricane Ivan. Two documents. Two jobs. This directory’s Serenoa repens and Morella cerifera compute as avoid. Callicarpa americana computes as on-list.

### Cedar glades versus cedar hedges
https://fireapproved.com/guides/cedar-glades-vs-cedar-hedges/
Missouri Department of Conservation: before settlement, eastern red cedar was almost entirely restricted to bluffs and cliffs — places where fire could not reach it. It invades glades and prairies that are not burned. Cultivated since 1664; old specimens in cemeteries, farmyards, and neighborhoods. University of Missouri Extension (Hank Stelzer, 2006): eliminate all conifers (especially red cedar) in the first 30 feet. Juniperus virginiana computes as avoid and includes MO. A 1,000-year bluff tree is not a hedge against the house.

### Char rate
https://fireapproved.com/guides/char-rate/
AWC’s 2024 Fire Design Specification uses a nominal char rate of 1.5 inches per hour on an ASTM E119 furnace exposure. That is why a remaining heavy-timber section can still carry load after the outer wood chars. It is not Oregon R327’s 4-inch definition and not a wildfire ember test.

### Chimney spark arrestors
https://fireapproved.com/guides/chimney-spark-arrestors/
A spark arrestor is 3/8- to 1/2-inch noncombustible metal mesh on a chimney or stovepipe outlet. It is not attic-vent mesh. CAL FIRE’s low-cost list names that range. IBHS wants branches 10 feet from the outlet. Oregon R327.3.2 does not name fireplaces. The chase is still a wall.

### Clark County IWUIC over Nevada’s deleted Chapter 5
https://fireapproved.com/guides/clark-county-iwuic-over-nevada/
Clark County Ordinance 5320 adopts the 2024 IWUIC, with Appendices A, B, and C, effective 1 January 2026. Listed amendments hit Chapters 1, 3, and 4. Chapter 5 is not among them. Nevada’s State Fire Marshal still adopts the 2018 IWUIC and then deletes Chapter 5. Spec the county book if the building official names it.

### Class A covering is not a bag of shingles
https://fireapproved.com/guides/class-a-covering-not-a-bag/
Class A under ASTM E108 or UL 790 is a roof-assembly result. Shingles in a bag are not automatically Class A on a house. Spec covering, underlayment, and deck as tested.

### A Class A rating is not a service-life clock
https://fireapproved.com/guides/class-a-does-not-age-on-a-clock/
ASTM E108 and UL 790 classify a roof assembly in the lab. They do not print a year when Class A expires. IBHS Base wants a Class A covering kept clear of debris. FEMA says not to assume existing asphalt still meets Class A. Oregon R327’s floor is a Class B-rated assembly equivalent.

### Colorado Wildfire Resiliency Code adoption
https://fireapproved.com/guides/colorado-cwrc-adoption/
The 2025 CWRC is a state minimum through 8 CCR 1507-39. Class 1 is low fire intensity. Class 2 is moderate or high. Governing bodies still adopt a meeting-or-exceeding ordinance. Confirm the local book.

### Community wildfire protection plan
https://fireapproved.com/guides/community-wildfire-protection-plan/
A Community Wildfire Protection Plan is a Healthy Forests Restoration Act planning document for an at-risk community. It is agreed by local government, the local fire department, and the state forestry agency. It is not adopted building code, not Firewise USA recognition, and not a lot-by-lot mandate.

### Fire risk is low here. Why does plant choice still matter
https://fireapproved.com/guides/connecticut-fire-risk-is-low-why-plants-still-matter/
CT DEEP: forest fires burn an average of 500 acres a year in Connecticut, and homeowners should still make a fire safe zone of at least 30 feet and prune lower limbs of evergreens, which catch fire easily during dry periods. The 559 records on this site’s Connecticut page are USDA distribution, not a Connecticut Firewise list. NFPA Firewise USA is community recognition, not a plant list.

### Could the 1947 Maine fires happen again
https://fireapproved.com/guides/could-the-1947-maine-fires-happen-again/
Maine Forest Service: in 1947 the state suffered its largest forest-fire disaster in modern history — over 220,000 acres, 1,000 homes, 16 dead. Humans still cause over 90% of wildfires in Maine. A 2025 LUPC/MFS ignition-zone poster: hardwoods are preferable to softwoods; softwoods have more resin and less leaf moisture. This directory’s Abies balsamea and Picea rubens compute as avoid and include ME. Birch and aspen compute as on-list.

### Covering versus assembly
https://fireapproved.com/guides/covering-vs-assembly/
A roof covering is the visible layer. Class A, B, and C describe the tested assembly under ASTM E108 or UL 790. A bag of shingles is not an assembly.

### Craftsman eaves under R327
https://fireapproved.com/guides/craftsman-eaves-under-r327/
Exposed rafter tails under 12 feet need an R327.3.4.1 path. Type X behind the covering is one numbered option. Fascia is exempt. A 4x heavy-timber tail is seminar practice, not a fifth numbered eave item. Confirm with the building official.

### Crosstimbers and red flags
https://fireapproved.com/guides/crosstimbers-and-red-flags/
Oklahoma Forestry Services (SafeStayOK, last modified 16 June 2026): all plants will burn; placement is the most important criterion; eliminate combustible vegetation within 0–5 feet. E-988: fire suppression let eastern redcedar and ashe juniper increase. OSU Extension Grow (28 August 2022) names Sedum and Helleborus as choices and pine, juniper, and yaupon as highly flammable near structures. Oklahoma’s state surface keeps five exact OSU source owners.

### Crown and shrub spacing
https://fireapproved.com/guides/crown-and-shrub-spacing/
California defensible-space guidance spaces tree canopies and shrubs by slope. IBHS Base uses two times the tallest plant, capped at 10 feet, and does not put shrubs under trees. Oregon R327 is not a planting-spacing code.

### Cupressus or Hesperocyparis
https://fireapproved.com/guides/cupressus-vs-hesperocyparis/
GBIF’s backbone still accepts Cupressus macrocarpa and treats Hesperocyparis macrocarpa (Bartel 2009) as a synonym. iNaturalist marks Cupressus arizonica inactive and points at Hesperocyparis arizonica. We store the source’s letters and join with GBIF, iNat, and USDA ids. We do not mint a second plant.

### Colorado CWRC versus Oregon R327 versus California CWUIC
https://fireapproved.com/guides/cwrc-vs-r327-vs-cwuic/
Three live WUI construction books, not one chapter with three numbers. Colorado’s 2025 CWRC is Class A roofs and Class 1 versus Class 2 by fire intensity. Oregon R327, where adopted, is Class B equivalent and opt-in. California CWUIC is mapped and typically Class A. Windows, vents, and remodel triggers do not match.

### Hot tubs, planters, and firewood on decks
https://fireapproved.com/guides/deck-contents-hot-tubs/
IBHS treats attached-deck contents as part of the building footprint. Planter boxes and climbing vines come off the walking surface. Hot tubs sit 10 feet from exterior walls, with a noncombustible pad if they sit on a combustible deck. Wood piles sit 30 feet from the home unless they are inside an accessory structure.

### Deck ledger and the wall intersection
https://fireapproved.com/guides/deck-ledger-and-wall/
The ledger is the board that hangs the deck on the house. Oregon R327 does not give it its own fire section. The walking surface, the wall covering, and the underfloor each have a rule. FEMA treats the joint as an ember and water flashing problem.

### Deck railings in the WUI
https://fireapproved.com/guides/deck-railings/
FEMA P-737 (2008) says embers accumulate at railing edges and recommends metal, cables, tempered glass, or 3-inch nominal fire-retardant-treated wood. Oregon R327.3.5 is the walking surface, not the guard. Dimensional lumber railings are the thing that sheet tells you to replace.

### Does a deep-rooted prairie native mean fire-safe
https://fireapproved.com/guides/deep-rooted-native-is-not-fire-safe/
No. Illinois Extension’s 2016 backyard-prairie brochure: prairie plants survive fast prairie fires because growing points and a large root mass are underground. If you plant a lot of grasses, keep the plot away from buildings and surround it with a mowed or gravel firebreak. This directory’s Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem) computes as avoid. Butterfly weed and purple coneflower compute as on-list. Deep roots are not Zone 0.

### Defensible space vs tree preservation
https://fireapproved.com/guides/defensible-space-vs-tree-preservation/
Oregon’s model defensible-space code wants a 5-foot noncombustible band and 10-foot crown clearance; well-maintained trees are still encouraged if they are spaced. Bend’s development code can require keeping 20 percent of 20-inch trees, or 25 percent of total trunk diameter, on sites larger than one acre, with a three-year condition. Bend’s flammable-vegetation explainer says healthy trees within five feet do not have to come out. Name the document before you cut.

### What deleting IWUIC Chapter 5 actually removes
https://fireapproved.com/guides/deleting-iwuic-chapter-5/
IWUIC Chapter 5 is Special Building Construction Regulations: roofs, eaves, walls, windows, doors, vents, underfloor areas, gutters, and accessory structures. Santa Fe County Ordinance 2023-6 Section 9.H deletes it. Nevada’s State Fire Marshal deletes it statewide. Clark County’s 2024 book does not. A deleted chapter is not a Class A roof.

### Does anything burn here besides stubble
https://fireapproved.com/guides/does-anything-burn-here-besides-stubble/
NDSU (15 Nov 2024): 2024 wildfires impacted more than 110,000 acres; Ray/Tioga almost 89,000 acres of rangeland, cropland, and hay land. Largest since the 1999 Halloween fire. R2077: grasslands evolved with fire every 5 to 10 years in mesic areas and about every 25 years in drier portions; Century Code names grass or stubble lands. NDFS Firewise page is not a plant list. Juniperus scopulorum and Pinus ponderosa compute as avoid and include ND.

### Does anything here not grow fast and wet
https://fireapproved.com/guides/does-anything-here-not-grow-fast-and-wet/
LSU AgCenter Get It Growing (21 February 2025): a low-maintenance landscape is virtually impossible in Louisiana. Warm, wet climate and a long growing season promote explosive weed growth; even desirable plants outgrow their spaces. Hammond Research Station (2 December 2008): we do not hear a lot about firewise in Louisiana; Zone 4 still says remove pine trees, wax myrtles, and ornamental grasses. This directory’s Magnolia grandiflora and Quercus virginiana compute as avoid and include LA.

### Gates across fire apparatus access
https://fireapproved.com/guides/driveway-gates/
Oregon fire-access guides treat a locked gate as an obstruction of the fire apparatus road. Yamhill’s 2025 guide wants 20 feet unobstructed, one-person operation, and listed electric operators. Portland allows a 12-foot gate on one- or two-family dwellings and a 30-foot setback. OFC 506 lets the official require a key box. Knox is the product those districts name, not a statewide statute.

### Dryer vents versus mesh
https://fireapproved.com/guides/dryer-vents-vs-mesh/
IBHS does not want 1/16–1/8 inch mesh on a dryer vent. Use a working louver or flap, and metal duct at the Enhanced level. Mesh remains the prescriptive path for attic, gable, and crawlspace vents, not for the dryer.

### Dual-pane versus tempered windows
https://fireapproved.com/guides/dual-pane-vs-tempered/
Oregon R327 lists dual-pane (multilayered) and tempered as separate glazing options. California CWUIC wants dual-pane with at least one tempered pane, or an SFM 12-7A-2 listed window.

### ASTM E119 versus a WUI wall test
https://fireapproved.com/guides/e119-vs-wui-wall/
ASTM E119 is a furnace fire-resistance method for building elements. Intertek’s public scope page says it measures how long an assembly contains a fire, keeps load, and limits heat, often followed by a hose stream. SFM 12-7A-1 is a 10-minute 150 kW flame on a siding and sheathing assembly. A 20-minute fire door is a different object. Do not swap them on a WUI wall.

### East of the Cascades is a different state
https://fireapproved.com/guides/east-of-the-cascades-is-a-different-state/
WA DNR Fire-Resistant Plants for Eastern Washington: 46 exact source owners remain eastern regional context and Tier 2 corroboration. King County’s separate Puget Sound Basin list contributes 82 western regional owners. Neither regional list becomes statewide suitability; the state page keeps both beside its 592 occurrence records and exact PNW 590 source.

### Ember versus flame versus radiant heat
https://fireapproved.com/guides/ember-flame-radiant/
Embers ignite most homes. Direct flame and radiant heat are different exposures. IBHS Essential is the ember checklist. Enhanced adds flame and radiant-heat measures. Mesh, listings, and Zone 0 do not answer the same question.

### Exterior FRT wood and weathering
https://fireapproved.com/guides/exterior-frt-weathering/
Oregon R327 names exterior fire-retardant-treated wood as a walking-surface path. Ignition-resistant material is a 30-minute ASTM E84 or UL 723 run. FEMA P-737 warns that ignition-resistant treatments and coatings have service-life uncertainty and does not recommend wood roof coverings. A coating on site is not this product.

### Fall fire season in hardwood hollows
https://fireapproved.com/guides/fall-fire-season-in-hardwood-hollows/
West Virginia Code §20-3-5: forest fire seasons are March 1 through May 31 and October 1 through December 31. During those seasons outdoor burning of forest land, grass, grain, stubble, slash, or debris is allowed only between 5 p.m. and 7 a.m. WVDOF (Oct. 2021): most fires over 10 years were debris burns (35%); fall 2019 305 fires / 4,098 acres. Region 4: fall burns more acreage because of dried dead leaves. Region 6: most fires in hardwood leaf litter. Quercus alba computes as on-list and includes WV. Opened pages do not print a West Virginia plant table.

### Fence as a wick
https://fireapproved.com/guides/fence-as-wick/
A combustible fence that hits the house can carry fire into the wall. IBHS Essential and California Safer from Wildfires use the first five feet. CAL FIRE’s home-hardening page says replace attached combustible fencing or gates for the first 8 feet. Oregon’s State Fire Marshal tells homeowners to use metal gates within 5 feet.

### Fire apparatus access on the lot
https://fireapproved.com/guides/fire-apparatus-access/
Oregon fire-access guides name width, vertical clearance, grade, turnaround, and a 75,000-pound live load. Those numbers are not one statewide driveway. ORS 368.039 lets adopted county road standards supersede the fire code. Deschutes ADU option 2 is a 12-foot surface, not the Oregon Fire Code 20-foot access road.

### Fire-resistant plants are not noncombustible
https://fireapproved.com/guides/fire-resistant-does-not-mean-noncombustible/
A plant this site rates fire-resistant can still burn. Fire-resistant is a derived evidence class, not a lab property. Noncombustible is ASTM E136. Zone 0 is not a planting list. Oregon R327 does not pick shrubs.

### Fire-resistant is not fireproof
https://fireapproved.com/guides/fire-resistant-is-not-fireproof/
PNW 590 (October 2023) prints the sentence Fire-resistant does not mean fireproof. Even fire-resistant plants will burn if not well maintained. An on-list status on this site is a computed evidence class. It is not a promise the plant will not burn.

### Firewise and premiums
https://fireapproved.com/guides/firewise-and-premiums/
California wildfire-rating insurers must reflect a Firewise USA site in good standing in the rating plan. That is a community-level credit, not a product listing and not a guaranteed percent. Oregon does not have that regulation. A plaque is not IBHS and not R327.

### Firewise USA site recognition
https://fireapproved.com/guides/firewise-usa-site/
NFPA recognizes a Firewise USA site when a defined neighborhood of 8 to 2,500 dwelling units meets voluntary annual criteria. Those criteria are a resident committee, a community wildfire risk assessment updated at least every five years, a three-year action plan, and the equivalent of one volunteer hour per dwelling unit. Recognition is not a product listing and not Oregon R327.

### Florida WUI code status
https://fireapproved.com/guides/florida-wui-code-status/
F.S. 553.73 updates the Florida Building Code from the IBC, IFGC, IEBC, IMC, IPC, IRC, NEC, and IECC. IWUIC is not on that list. The Florida Fire Prevention Code is a separate NFPA path.

### Gambel oak: the neighbor everyone asks about
https://fireapproved.com/guides/gambel-oak-the-neighbor-everyone-asks-about/
USU NR/FF/002 (Mike Kuhns, February 2005) opens with a house in a dense Gambel oak stand and states that no plant is fireproof. Its firewise plant table lists Acer, Betula, Cercis occidentalis, Populus tremuloides, other Populus, and Salix as trees. Quercus gambelii is not in that table. USU Forestry tree identification: fire-prone on native sites; thin around buildings. White, Weise, Mackes, and Dibble 2002 Table 4 (GOAK): 107% moisture, green PHRR 41 kW/m², dry EHOC 14.2 MJ/kg. Quercus gambelii computes as on-list, limited-evidence, and includes UT.

### Garage doors as an ember path
https://fireapproved.com/guides/garage-doors-ember-path/
A garage door is a large hole in the wall. CAL FIRE wants weatherstrip (gasketing) and no extra penetrations. IBHS treats that as ember designation work, not an OSFM 8150 listing.

### Gatlinburg 2016 changed the question
https://fireapproved.com/guides/gatlinburg-2016-changed-the-question/
NPS Chimney Tops 2 (reported 23 November 2016): on 28 November exceptional drought and winds 40–50 mph, gusts to 87 mph, carried embers far ahead of the main fire. About 11,000 acres burned in Great Smoky Mountains National Park and about 6,000 acres in Sevier County outside the park. UT Extension SP685 (Mercker, Reese, Clatterbuck, 2006) already told Tennesseans the first 5 feet should contain no flammable material, and that rhododendron, laurel, holly, juniper, and hemlock should not be planted near structures. Kalmia latifolia computes as avoid and includes TN. Rhododendron maximum computes as conflict and includes TN.

### Gravel and pavers under the deck
https://fireapproved.com/guides/gravel-under-the-deck/
IBHS Base strips vegetation and combustible groundcover from under an elevated deck to mineral soil. Noncombustible hardscape is permitted. Oregon R327.3.4.4 is enclose-to-grade or protect the underside. Gravel is not that enclosure.

### Gutters and debris as an ember bed
https://fireapproved.com/guides/gutters-and-debris/
Debris in a gutter is an ember bed at the roof edge. Oregon R327 and California CWUIC want noncombustible gutters and a way to keep needles out. IBHS Essential wants metal and cleaning. Enhanced adds covers.

### Home-hardening ladder
https://fireapproved.com/guides/hardening-ladder/
An order of operations for existing houses, mapped to CAL FIRE’s low-cost retrofit list and FEMA P-737. The dollar bands are illustrative sequence, not prices. They are not Oregon R327.

### Heavy timber and log walls under R327
https://fireapproved.com/guides/heavy-timber-and-log-walls/
Oregon R327.2 defines heavy timber as sawn or glued-laminated wood with a smallest minimum nominal dimension of 4 inches. That definition is a wall path, a floor path, and an underfloor exception for columns and beams. It is not a fifth eave-tail item and not ignition-resistant lumber.

### Home-hardening grants
https://fireapproved.com/guides/home-hardening-grants/
As of 23 August 2026, most Oregon wildfire-risk grants go to fire agencies, local governments, and nonprofits, not to a homeowner coupon. The Oregon State Fire Marshal’s Community Wildfire Risk Reduction rounds were agency programs. ODF’s Small Forestland Grant’s next window is July/August 2027. FEMA HMGP does not take homeowner applications.

### Home ignitability
https://fireapproved.com/guides/home-ignitability/
Cohen (2000) found that whether a house ignites in a wildland-urban fire depends on the house and its immediate surroundings, about 40 meters. Firebrands can travel kilometers and still only matter if they land on something ignitable. A FHSZ map is not that 40-meter site. This is not R327 and not Zone 0.

### How clean is clean enough
https://fireapproved.com/guides/how-clean-is-clean-enough/
IBHS Base wants roofs, gutters, and the 0–5 foot band kept clear of vegetative debris, including pine needles. FEMA says clean roofs, gutters, and joints, and inspect bird stops annually. Oregon R327 does not print a needle depth. A Class A letter does not mow the roof.

### How Oregon got a deep plant page
https://fireapproved.com/guides/how-oregon-got-the-deepest-page/
Oregon’s state page holds 622 occurrence records and 155 exact PNW 590 owners. OSU EM 9103 now contributes 172 Willamette Valley owners at regional grain, while Ashland and Grants Pass remain municipal descendants on the same lineage. Source depth is not four independent votes.

### How to read a Class A roof listing
https://fireapproved.com/guides/how-to-read-a-class-a-roof-listing/
Class A is a tested covering on a named deck, slope, and underlayment. OSFM 8180-2299:0500 is one Metal Sales Image II stack. A sibling row and an underlayment listing are not the same roof. Search the BML. A bag is not the listing.

### How to read a CAL FIRE FHSZ map
https://fireapproved.com/guides/how-to-read-a-fhsz-map/
California Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps measure hazard, not risk. Moderate, High, and Very High are physical-condition classes. They are not Oregon R327, not an insurance rate map, and not Zone 0.

### How to read a listing
https://fireapproved.com/guides/how-to-read-a-listing/
A test method is not a listing. A listing is not adopted code. Adopted code is not an HOA spec or an insurer checklist. Confirm the model number.

### How to read a plant page
https://fireapproved.com/guides/how-to-read-a-plant-page/
Read a plant's computed fire status separately from local distribution, native or introduced range, hardiness, ecological and legal status, test conditions, and FEIS fire-ecology context.

### How to read a state page
https://fireapproved.com/guides/how-to-read-a-state-page/
Live, coming-soon, none, and not-yet-reviewed are coverage labels, not parcel reads. Live means a sourced statewide construction picture is on the page. Coming-soon is adopted-but-not-effective. None means no statewide WUI construction book is sourced. Not-yet-reviewed asserts nothing. Plants can be complete while construction is still a gap.

### How to read an ICC-ES report
https://fireapproved.com/guides/how-to-read-an-icc-es-report/
The header is not the product. Open the PDF. On ESL-1689 the product is Table 1 plus the conditions of listing. An ESL is not an ESR and not an OSFM BML number. The building official still decides.

### How the WUI is mapped
https://fireapproved.com/guides/how-wui-is-mapped/
Radeloff (2005) maps the wildland-urban interface as census housing plus wildland vegetation from the Federal Register definition. Intermix is houses in the vegetation. Interface is developed land within 2.4 km of a large vegetated block. That map is not a CAL FIRE FHSZ overlay, not Cohen’s 40 meters, and not Oregon R327.

### IBHS does not replace adopted code
https://fireapproved.com/guides/ibhs-does-not-replace-code/
Wildfire Prepared Home is an insurer designation, not adopted code. Essential and Enhanced do not replace ORSC R327, California CWUIC, or the building official. Do both if both apply.

### Idaho WUI code status
https://fireapproved.com/guides/idaho-wui-code-status/
Idaho Code 39-4109 adopts IBC, the Idaho residential code, energy, and IEBC. IWUIC is not on that list. Locals that issue permits must adopt those state codes. They are not required to adopt other referenced codes.

### Ignition-resistant versus noncombustible
https://fireapproved.com/guides/ignition-resistant-vs-noncombustible/
Ignition-resistant is not ASTM E136. Oregon R327 defines ignition-resistant as an extended ASTM E84 or UL 723 run. Noncombustible is ASTM E136. OSFM 8170 and 8175 are different handbook buckets.

### How an intumescent vent closes
https://fireapproved.com/guides/intumescent-vents/
Some listed ember- and flame-resistant vents include an intumescent strip or coated matrix that swells when heated. That core is not the Oregon R327 mesh path, even when the same unit also contains 1/16 inch wire. Read the listing. Paint-on coatings are not this product.

### Is mulch your biggest plant decision in a Chesapeake suburb
https://fireapproved.com/guides/is-mulch-your-biggest-plant-decision/
Maryland DNR Forest Service Firewise plants PDF: many commonly used mulches can be quite flammable and ignite from windborne embers. Shredded hardwood bark is High/High after one year. Decorative ground rubber is Very High. Brick chips, marble, and oyster shells are Nonflammable. Maryland pages now join this place-specific mulch guidance to 169 scoped plant-list owners while keeping 852 USDA occurrence records separate.

### Is sagebrush a hazard in Idaho
https://fireapproved.com/guides/is-sagebrush-a-hazard-in-idaho/
Idaho Firewise garden signage: avoid sagebrush, juniper, or pine that burn easily when they dry out in late summer and fall. Sagebrush is flammable because of its oil content and should not be in Zone 1 or Zone 2. Zone 3 native plantings including sagebrush should be thinned. This directory’s Artemisia tridentata computes as avoid. The Artemisia genus page computes as on-list from garden wormwoods, not big sagebrush. A Nevada greenstrip is not a sagebrush planting list.

### Is the maple economy also a fuel break
https://fireapproved.com/guides/is-the-maple-economy-also-a-fuel-break/
Vermont FPR: most wildland fires burn between the end of March and the beginning of June, after snowmelt, in dead grasses, leaves, and twigs. Spring fires seldom burn deeply. 2025: 84 fires, 66.33 acres; 10-year average 77.5 fires and 124.1 acres. Opened FPR pages distribute firewise/defensible space literature and do not print a Vermont species table. Acer saccharum computes as on-list and includes VT. A sugarbush is not Zone 0.

### ISO Public Protection Classification
https://fireapproved.com/guides/iso-ppc/
Verisk’s ISO PPC program grades a community from 1 to 10 for structure-fire suppression. Class 1 is superior property fire protection. Class 10 means the area’s fire-suppression program does not meet ISO’s minimum criteria. Most home insurers use PPC in pricing. ISO does not give the class to policyholders. PPC is not a wildfire score and not Oregon R327.

### The IWUIC edition on the lot
https://fireapproved.com/guides/iwuic-edition-on-the-lot/
IWUIC is a model family, not one construction chapter. Flagstaff still adopts the 2006 edition after it moved the fire code to 2018. Prescott now adopts 2024. Risk classes, roofs, eaves, and project thresholds differ in the opened local amendments. Spec the year and local application the building official names.

### Juniper or redcedar? The names lie
https://fireapproved.com/guides/juniper-or-redcedar/
Cedar is a common name, not a genus. USFS FEIS lists Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) as mountain red cedar and Rocky Mountain cedar. Western redcedar is Thuja plicata. Tell them apart by spray form and cone type. Bark does not distinguish. Exhibit ID-001 is the two-panel comparison.

### Keep WUI work exposed until inspected
https://fireapproved.com/guides/keep-wui-work-exposed/
ORSC R109.1 says work shall remain accessible and exposed until the building official approves it. Presenters at the 25 June 2026 seminar said Type X behind covering needs a firewall inspection after gypsum and screws, before the finish. That is a hold point, not a photo protocol. Confirm with the official.

### When the lab disagrees with the lists
https://fireapproved.com/guides/lab-vs-lists-juniperus-monosperma/
Direct fire evidence is never silently outvoted by a planting list. White, Weise, Mackes, and Dibble 2002 tested Juniperus monosperma (as Utah juniper) in a cone calorimeter. Table 4 reports 76% foliage moisture, green-sample peak heat release 228 kW/m², and dry-sample effective heat of combustion 18.7 MJ/kg. That row keeps the species in avoid.

### Ladder fuels
https://fireapproved.com/guides/ladder-fuels/
A shrub under a tree is a vertical fuel path. CAL FIRE wants at least three times the shrub height between the shrub and the lowest branches. IBHS Base does not place shrubs under larger trees. Oregon R327 does not print this picture.

### OSFM listing is usually voluntary
https://fireapproved.com/guides/listed-is-voluntary/
OSFM listing is not a statutory mandate for most WUI products. Absence from the handbook is not a ban. Presence is not a permit. The building official still decides.

### Listings expire. The lapse log is where we catch it
https://fireapproved.com/guides/listings-expire/
A product can sit in last year’s OSFM WUI handbook and be missing from the live Building Materials Listing. DURA listing 8160-2126:0501 is stored that way. American Wood Council 8140-2041:0004 is stored as listed, expires 2027-06-30. Search GOVmotus before you spec. Absence from the handbook is a different fact.

### Long Island barrens to Adirondack camps
https://fireapproved.com/guides/long-island-barrens-to-adirondack-camps/
Central Pine Barrens Commission: more than 800 brush fires occur in Suffolk County every year, most in the Central Pine Barrens. Pitch pine has thick bark and sprouts from under the bark after fire. 106,000 acres. NYSDEC FIREWISE NY: keep everything within 30 feet lean, clean and green; within five feet use non-flammable materials; keep flammable conifer trees about 30 feet between crowns. Pinus rigida computes as avoid and includes NY. Abies balsamea computes as avoid and includes NY. One statewide landscaping sheet, two fire forests.

### Manufactured homes in fire country
https://fireapproved.com/guides/manufactured-homes-in-the-wui/
HUD manufactured dwellings are built to 24 CFR 3280, not Oregon R327. Oregon BCD and Deschutes County say they are outside ORSC scope. Skirting, crawlspace vents, and dryer exhaust are HUD installation rules. A factory wildfire package or 13D sprinklers are optional. Insurance and Zone 0 around the unit are still real.

### Mesh versus listed vents
https://fireapproved.com/guides/mesh-vs-listed-vents/
1/16–1/8 inch noncombustible mesh is a prescriptive path. ASTM E2886 / OSFM 8165 is a performance listing. They are not the same product and they do not always substitute for each other.

### Mitigation documentation for insurers
https://fireapproved.com/guides/mitigation-documentation/
California wildfire-rating insurers must credit listed mitigation. CDI says you may have to prove the work or sit for an inspection. How they verify is the carrier’s filed underwriting, not one statewide photo list. IBHS is a separate photo-then-visit designation. Oregon DFR does not publish a credit packet.

### Montana WUI code status
https://fireapproved.com/guides/montana-wui-code-status/
DLI adopts the 2021 IWUIC with Chapter 4 and Section 602 deleted. Cities, counties, and towns that enforce IBC or IRC may elect to enforce it and must then map WUI areas. That election is not a statewide mandate.

### Net free area after mesh or a listed core
https://fireapproved.com/guides/net-free-area-after-mesh/
Oregon R327.3.2 keeps attic and underfloor net ventilation area under R408 and R806. Mesh and listed cores both cut net free area. Size the openings. This page does not invent NFA numbers for a SKU.

### Nevada WUI code status
https://fireapproved.com/guides/nevada-wui-code-status/
NAC 477.281 adopts the 2018 IWUIC including Appendices A and B. NAC 477.283 then deletes Chapter 5. That is not a statewide construction book. Locals may be more stringent.

### New Mexico WUI code status
https://fireapproved.com/guides/new-mexico-wui-code-status/
14.7.2 and 14.7.3 NMAC adopt the 2021 IBC and IRC as New Mexico’s statewide construction books. They do not adopt IWUIC. A county may still adopt IWUIC locally.

### One road out
https://fireapproved.com/guides/one-road-out/
California’s State Minimum Fire Safe Regulations say roads and driveways shall provide emergency-vehicle access and civilian evacuation at the same time. Oregon fire-access guides require a second fire-apparatus road when one- and two-family dwellings on a single access exceed 30, with a sprinkler exception. Dead-end length is a different object. This is not a 50-state evacuation table.

### Why junipers get one verdict per species
https://fireapproved.com/guides/one-verdict-per-juniper-species/
A genus page is a split of cited records, not a genus grade. Long and Behm 2006 ranked Juniperus ashei moderate and Juniperus chinensis high in the same NIST whole-plant table. Grants Pass lists ornamental juniper as highly flammable. That umbrella row does not rewrite the species pages.

### Oregon BCD, State Fire Marshal, and ODF
https://fireapproved.com/guides/oregon-bcd-osfm-odf/
Oregon splits wildfire work across three agencies. Building Codes Division adopts construction, including R327 where a local department opts in. The State Fire Marshal owns the Oregon Fire Code, a model defensible-space code, and grants. The Department of Forestry protects 16 million acres of forest. The 2025 legislature repealed the statewide hazard map as a regulatory overlay. None of those agencies is the other.

### Oregon defensible-space checklist
https://fireapproved.com/guides/oregon-defensible-space-checklist/
The Oregon State Fire Marshal’s homeowner checklist is a walk-the-yard list, not R327. It wants 10 feet from buildings and chimneys, limbs at 6 feet on trees over 18 feet or one-third height on shorter trees, 1/8-inch mesh, vegetation 5 feet from the structure, and 100 feet of defensible space or to the property line. CAL FIRE’s 3-times-shrub-height ladder rule is a different picture. Confirm with the fire agency.

### Oregon has a FAIR Plan
https://fireapproved.com/guides/oregon-fair-plan/
The Oregon FAIR Plan is the insurer of last resort when a property owner cannot find coverage in the standard market. DFR says you must have been declined by two standard companies. Premiums are often higher and coverage less comprehensive. Surplus lines is a different market. This is not California’s FAIR Plan and not R327.

### Oregon wildfire disclosure
https://fireapproved.com/guides/oregon-wildfire-disclosure/
Oregon’s seller’s property disclosure statement is ORS 105.464. The reprint opened 23 August 2026 still asks whether the property has been classified as wildland-urban interface. That checkbox is not R327. BCD’s 5 August 2025 filing says the 2025 legislature repealed the statewide wildfire hazard map as a regulatory overlay. Local R327, where adopted, is still construction. This is not California AB 38.

### OSFM 8165 vent applications
https://fireapproved.com/guides/osfm-8165-vent-applications/
Category 8165 is California’s BML bucket for ember- and flame-resistant vents. The listing is a model and an orientation. A gable row is not an eave row. 8160 is soffit covering. Ridge geometry is outside ASTM E2886’s public scope.

### When the overlay map decides the eave
https://fireapproved.com/guides/overlay-map-decides-construction/
Idaho does not adopt IWUIC statewide. Eagle City Code 7-1G puts the 2018 IWUIC only inside a mapped overlay adopted by Ordinance 947. A city-approved fire-protection plan can exempt a project from that article. Lots that only abut the line can still be pulled into a mitigation plan. The line is the first question.

### Is the Ozark cedar invasion a fire problem
https://fireapproved.com/guides/ozark-cedar-invasion-a-fire-problem/
FEIS: eastern redcedar has thin bark, does not sprout, and carries highly combustible evergreen foliage to the ground as ladder fuels. Fire suppression let it invade grasslands and savannas. Cedar glades occur in the Ozarks, including Arkansas limestone glades. Juniperus virginiana computes as avoid; white oak and post oak compute as on-list.

### Parametric insurance
https://fireapproved.com/guides/parametric-insurance/
Parametric insurance pays a set amount when an event parameter is met, not when your house is measured. NAIC’s example is an earthquake magnitude trigger. Basis risk is the named downside. This is not replacement cost, not ordinance or law, and not a wildfire product listed on this site.

### Party walls, townhouse roofs, and R327
https://fireapproved.com/guides/party-walls-and-r327/
A party wall is a fire-resistance-rated townhouse separation under ORSC R302. Oregon R327 is a wildfire covering menu for exterior walls and roofs, where adopted. The 2023 R327 amendment adds R302.2.12 townhouse roof classes, and points wildfire-hazard-zone townhouse roofs at R327. Those are stacked jobs, not one listing.

### Percentage deductibles
https://fireapproved.com/guides/percentage-deductibles/
A percentage deductible is a percent of Coverage A, the dwelling limit, not a percent of the loss. Oregon DFR explains that math on its earthquake page. The wildfire page does not publish a wildfire-specific percent. Read the declarations. This site does not quote a California wildfire-deductible schedule.

### Pergolas and patio covers as projections
https://fireapproved.com/guides/pergolas-and-patio-covers/
Oregon R327.3.4 names patio covers among overhanging projections. The underside of a patio or porch ceiling larger than 200 square feet and under 12 feet follows a numbered menu. IBHS treats overhead structures on an attached deck as part of the footprint, with Class A roofs or slats covering no more than 15 percent, and a 10-foot setback if combustible.

### Piñon-juniper woodland is the yard
https://fireapproved.com/guides/pinon-juniper-woodland-is-the-yard/
NMSU Los Alamos Extension calls for no vegetation within 5 feet and no conifer trees within 30 feet. New Mexico Forestry Division's 140-row FireWise list now joins 95 exact plant records with every 4,000-to-9,000+-foot Y, N, ?, or blank cell retained. Piñon and juniper are not on that table; Pinus edulis computes as a candidate from separate evidence.

### Plastic skylights under R327 and CWUIC
https://fireapproved.com/guides/plastic-skylights/
Oregon R327.3.6 treats skylights with exterior windows. Tempered, multilayered glazed panels, glass block, or a 20-minute rating. Plastic domes are not on that list. California CWUIC 504.8 includes skylights on the same glazing menu, and operable skylights also need 1/8 inch noncombustible mesh.

### Premiums with no nearby fire
https://fireapproved.com/guides/premiums-with-no-nearby-fire/
Oregon law does not require a nearby fire before a wildfire-related premium increase. ORS 742.277 requires a property-specific notice when cancellation, nonrenewal, or a premium increase is materially related to wildfire risk, including any wildfire risk score. California 10 CCR 2644.9 is a different score-disclosure rule. This site does not quote a reinsurance percent.

### Public Safety Power Shutoff and the house
https://fireapproved.com/guides/psps-and-the-house/
A Public Safety Power Shutoff is a utility turning off lines to reduce wildfire ignition from electric infrastructure. It is not R327. CPUC treats it as a last-resort de-energization. Pacific Power’s consumer page, for Oregon and California customers, aims for about 48 hours’ notice. Plan for the garage opener, the well pump, the fridge, and medical devices. Do not scrape a utility map into a drawing.

### Alternate materials and methods under R104.11
https://fireapproved.com/guides/r104-11-alternate-methods/
Oregon R104.11 lets the building official approve a material, design, or method not prescribed in the code when it is equivalent in quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability, and safety. A denial has to be in writing. R104.10 is a different section. R327.1 points modifications of that wildfire section at R104.10.

### When R327 hits an ADU, garage, or shop
https://fireapproved.com/guides/r327-adu-and-shops/
Oregon BCD’s local-adoption FAQ treats a new detached ADU as a new dwelling. Shops and garages follow the accessory-structure size and distance rules. Confirm with the building official.

### R327 inspection sequence
https://fireapproved.com/guides/r327-inspection-sequence/
ORSC Chapter 1 already names foundation, under-floor, mechanical rough, and frame inspections. The official may require other inspections. Presenters at the 25 June 2026 seminar added a Type X firewall look before cover. R109.1.5.1 is gypsum between dwelling units, not that WUI path. Confirm the card with the jurisdiction.

### What examiners redline on R327 drawings
https://fireapproved.com/guides/r327-plan-review-redlines/
Public Bend and Deschutes practice, plus the 25 June 2026 seminar, name the same misses. The product is not on the drawings. Type X is covered before the firewall inspection. Ordinary bird-block mesh sits under 12 feet. This page is not a private comment log.

### R327 remodels when the answer is no
https://fireapproved.com/guides/r327-remodels-when-the-answer-is-no/
Oregon BCD’s FAQ says R327 applies to new construction of new ORSC buildings, not typical additions or a roofing or siding swap on an older house. If the dwelling was built to R327, later work stays under it. Confirm with the building official.

### Oregon R327 versus California CWUIC
https://fireapproved.com/guides/r327-vs-cwuic/
Oregon opts in locally to ORSC R327. California maps WUI and now uses CWUIC (formerly Chapter 7A). Roof class, windows, vents, and who must comply all differ.

### Rebuild after wildfire
https://fireapproved.com/guides/rebuild-after-wildfire/
A rebuild is new construction under the WUI book in force when you pull the permit. It is not like-kind replacement of the house that burned. Building-code upgrade coverage is the insurance rider for that extra cost. Ready.gov says use fire-resistant materials when you build or repair. This page is process, not a rubble gallery.

### Renters and defensible space
https://fireapproved.com/guides/renters-and-defensible-space/
California PRC 4291 names a person who owns, leases, controls, operates, or maintains a structure in the state responsibility area. Oregon’s OSFM model code defines the responsible party the same way, but only after a local government adopts it. ORS 90.320’s landlord habitability duty is smoke alarms and weatherproofing, not a 100-foot fuel break. ORS 90.727 splits manufactured-dwelling-park trees: the landlord maintains a hazard tree the current tenant did not plant; the tenant maintains other trees on the space. A lease is not an IBHS application.

### Retrofit the house you already have
https://fireapproved.com/guides/retrofit-existing-house/
Most Oregon houses will never see a new-dwelling R327 permit. This page is a chooser for the existing house. Roof, vents, Zone 0, windows, and deck each have a guide already on this site. UNR’s Wildfire Home Retrofit Guide (SP-20-11) and FEMA P-737 (September 2008) are the opened federal and extension sources. They are not Oregon R327.

### Ridge vents versus ASTM E2886
https://fireapproved.com/guides/ridge-vents-vs-e2886/
A ridge vent can still be an attic ventilation opening under Oregon R327. ASTM E2886’s public scope excludes roof ridge and off-ridge field vents. Metal is not an ember test. California CWUIC names a mesh path for those roof vents on a sloped roof.

### Roof-to-wall transitions and dormer cheeks
https://fireapproved.com/guides/roof-to-wall-and-dormer-cheeks/
A dormer cheek is a wall that meets a roof. Oregon R327 splits that joint. The roof is a Class B-rated assembly equivalent. The cheek is an exterior wall covering. FEMA says flash where a roof abuts a wall. An E108 class does not flash the wall.

### Rural firefighting water when there is no hydrant
https://fireapproved.com/guides/rural-water-supply/
Oregon fire-access guides still require an approved water supply under OFC 507.1. Yamhill’s 2025 guide and Portland’s 2021 guide both use 3,600 square feet as the residential split. Below that, Portland wants 1,000 gpm at 20 psi for one hour on a hydrant system. Without a competent water system, those same guides point at NFPA 1142 or a tank. This page does not print 1142 tank gallons.

### Safer from Wildfires is not Oregon law
https://fireapproved.com/guides/safer-from-wildfires-not-oregon/
California Safer from Wildfires is a CDI insurance-credit list. It is not Oregon building code, not IBHS, and not a reason to paste FAIR Plan percentages onto an Oregon job.

### Sea-island landscaping after Pinnacle Mountain
https://fireapproved.com/guides/sea-island-landscaping-after-pinnacle-mountain/
SCFC FY2016-17: Pinnacle Mountain Fire in Pickens and Greenville Counties burned 10,623 acres over 28 days, largest in upstate history. SCFC 2005 Fire Smart plant list: hollies, junipers, yaupon, pines, eastern red cedar, Leyland cypress, pine straw are highly flammable and should not be planted adjacent to wooden structures. Any plant will burn given sufficient heat. Ilex vomitoria and Juniperus virginiana compute as avoid and include SC. This is not a South Carolina doorway.

### Shelterbelts again on the plains
https://fireapproved.com/guides/shelterbelts-again-on-the-plains/
Nebraska Forest Service Conservation Roundtable: conservation plantings are a cedar seed source. Identify alternative species for windbreaks. Cedar estimated at 333,134 forested acres in 2015, 22 percent of Nebraska’s forest. How Windbreaks Work: species used in windbreaks are changing; concerns over eastern redcedar spread prompted trial testing of eastern white pine and ponderosa pine. Rural Homes and Wildfire: fire-resistant plants have non-resinous woody material (avoid conifers). Juniperus virginiana computes as avoid and includes NE. Opened NFS pages do not print a 40 mph figure.

### Show the product on the drawings
https://fireapproved.com/guides/show-product-on-drawings/
Deschutes County accepts OSFM WUI handbook products for R327 only when the model is listed on the drawings and noted where it installs. A brand name is not a listing. A listing is not a permit.

### Smoke-ready home
https://fireapproved.com/guides/smoke-ready-home/
Wildfire smoke indoors is an air-filtration problem, not an R327 vent path. EPA prefers a commercial portable cleaner with a known CADR, or a MERV 13 HVAC filter if the system can take it. A DIY box-fan cleaner is a backup. Use a 2012-or-newer fan with a UL or ETL mark. Hardening attic vents does not filter smoke.

### Solar on a Class A roof
https://fireapproved.com/guides/solar-on-class-a-roof/
A photovoltaic array does not inherit a roof’s Class A letter automatically. FEMA P-737 says BIPV or rooftop PV should meet Class A, NFPA 70, and the site wind loads, and that roof penetrations need noncombustible caulk, flashing, or assemblies. Oregon R327 does not name solar. This page does not invent UL 2703 numbers.

### Source-verbatim names and the Vitis record
https://fireapproved.com/guides/source-verbatim-names-vitis/
A plant name is stored as the source spelled it. The Vitis genus record keeps an FPS row whose source spelling is Vitus spp., so a typo cannot drop a condemning lineage. Idaho Firewise, opened this session, scores Vitis spp. grapes 8 of 10. The computed status is conflict. We do not average.

### Southeast humidity does not make firewise planting pointless
https://fireapproved.com/guides/southeast-humidity-and-firewise-planting/
Longleaf pine grows in a warm, wet climate with 43 to 69 inches of rain and is still adapted to frequent surface fire. FEIS classifies it fire-resistant in that forest sense. This directory’s Pinus palustris record computes as avoid next to a house. Humidity is not a planting permit.

### Spray-applied FRT and special inspection
https://fireapproved.com/guides/spray-frt-special-inspection/
Presenters at the 25 June 2026 Central Oregon seminar said spray-applied fire retardant may need a third-party special inspector the jurisdiction has approved. That inspector reports to the jurisdiction. Paint-on coatings are not an R327 wall path. Confirm with the building official.

### NFPA 13D sprinklers and wildfire
https://fireapproved.com/guides/sprinklers-13d-and-wildfire/
NFPA 13D is a residential sprinkler standard for one- and two-family dwellings and manufactured homes. Its job is life safety after a fire starts inside. Two sprinklers discharging for about ten minutes is the escape window NFPA’s consumer page names. It is not an exterior WUI wall or eave assembly. Some Oregon fire-access guides trade hydrant fire flow for a 13D system. That is OFC practice, not 13D-as-wildfire.

### Stucco in the WUI
https://fireapproved.com/guides/stucco-in-the-wui/
Stucco can be a noncombustible covering when the material meets ASTM E136 in the form used. Oregon R327.3.3 still wants a numbered wall path and full-height extent. Cracks, weeps, and penetrations are holes. IBHS names stucco as an example of the six-inch base. Stucco is not automatically the whole house.

### Texas WUI code status
https://fireapproved.com/guides/texas-wui-code-status/
Texas Local Government Code 214.212 adopts the IRC as the municipal residential building code. IWUIC is not that statute. Austin’s opened example is a local 2024 IWUIC overlay.

### The 100-foot rule on a 50-foot lot
https://fireapproved.com/guides/the-100-foot-rule-on-a-50-foot-lot/
PRC 4291(a)(1)(A) requires 100 feet of defensible space in the California state responsibility area, but not beyond the property line. 4291(b) does not require you to manage fuels you have no legal right to manage, or to enter a neighbor’s land without consent. Fuel work past the line needs written consent under 4291(a)(1)(B). Oregon OSFM Version 1 already says 100 feet or the property line, whichever is closer. A short lot does not waive the first five feet.

### The list Ohio forgot it had
https://fireapproved.com/guides/the-list-ohio-forgot-it-had/
OSU Extension Bulletin 921 (Sydnor, Steward, Kloss, 2006): there are no fireproof plants. Zone 1 is the house to 5 feet with nothing flammable, including bark mulch. Evergreen trees belong 30 feet out in Zone 3. Ratings are the authors’ experience on a VL–VH scale. Live Ohioline returned 404 this session; the surviving copy is the 2007 Wayback firewise.org PDF. Ohio pages now surface 352 source-scoped plant records without presenting this historical bulletin as current site approval.

### The Pine Barrens are a fire forest next to the house
https://fireapproved.com/guides/the-pine-barrens-are-a-fire-forest-next-to-the-house/
New Jersey's statewide Firewise edition contributes 169 exact plant-list owners, while the Pinelands Commission separately sets 30-, 75-, or 100-foot fuel breaks and warns against rhododendron and mountain laurel at the foundation. This is how to use both layers without turning either one into a site-specific planting approval.

### The resin question at a Minnesota lake cabin
https://fireapproved.com/guides/the-resin-question-at-a-lake-cabin/
Dovetail Partners (2017): needle-leaved evergreens are more flammable than broadleaved deciduous trees because of lower moisture, especially in drought, and sap containing flammable resins. The two most flammable trees in northeastern Minnesota are balsam fir and black spruce. This site has no Picea mariana species record. Abies balsamea computes as avoid and includes MN. Minnesota DNR (2004): plant nothing within 3 to 5 feet. A lake cabin’s first five feet is not a balsam screen.

### The smallest state's five feet
https://fireapproved.com/guides/the-smallest-states-five-feet/
RIDEM Division of Forest Environment (Nancy Stairs, 8 April 2020): replace evergreen shrubs with low-flammable plants in close proximity to your home; thin and prune conifer trees for 30 to 100 feet. The opened 35-things sheet does not print a five-foot Zone 0. Firewood 30 feet from the house. Live DEM Forest Fire HTML returned Cloudflare 403 this session. Kalmia latifolia computes as avoid and includes RI. This site’s Rhode Island page holds 417 USDA-distribution records.

### The state flower is an ericaceous fuel
https://fireapproved.com/guides/the-state-flower-is-an-ericaceous-fuel/
Pennsylvania named mountain laurel the state flower in 1933 (Governor Gifford Pinchot). DCNR still publishes viewing tours. The same department’s wildfire page (opened 2026) sets an Immediate Zone of 0–5 feet free of anything that can burn and does not print a plant table. Long, Behm, Zipperer, Hermansen, Maranghides, and Mell (NIST BFRL whole-plant burns) ranked Kalmia latifolia high flammability: should not be planted close to structures. This directory’s Kalmia latifolia computes as avoid and includes PA.

### The Steward rule — lineages vote, not rows
https://fireapproved.com/guides/the-steward-rule/
One rater’s copies are one vote. The Eastern US Fire Performance Plant Selector credits Larry G. Steward of Ohio State ATI with the prototype and the adapted Florida Circular 1453 key, and says its introduction was adapted from Ohio State Extension Bulletin 921, which Steward co-authored. Counting FPS and B921 as two lists would double-count one lineage.

### Tile bird stops and roof-profile gaps
https://fireapproved.com/guides/tile-bird-stops/
Where Oregon R327 is adopted, spaces between a profiled covering and the deck must be closed, fireblocked, or covered with ASTM D3909 72-pound cap sheet. That sentence is not the valley stack. IBHS and FEMA name noncombustible bird stops at barrel-tile and corrugated eave ends.

### The 12-foot rule
https://fireapproved.com/guides/twelve-foot-rule/
Oregon R327 uses 12 feet as a height threshold for eave vents and for protecting eaves and many projections. It is not one exception for the whole house. Elevated-deck undersides have no 12-foot out.

### The 200 square foot 2-inch lumber deck exception
https://fireapproved.com/guides/two-by-lumber-deck-exception/
Where Oregon R327 is adopted, walking surfaces of decks, porches, and balconies not greater than 200 square feet, built of nominal 2-inch lumber, are excepted from the R327.3.5 material menu. The exception is not an underfloor skip, not a wall skip, and not a Trex pass. Presenters said 2x lumber is only that small-deck exception.

### Type X behind the covering
https://fireapproved.com/guides/type-x-path/
One layer of 5/8 inch Type X exterior gypsum sheathing behind the covering is a deemed-to-comply path on walls and several undersides. It is not an ASTM E136 pass for the board you see. Presenters at the 25 June 2026 seminar said that path needs a firewall inspection before you cover it.

### Unvented attic as a wildfire path
https://fireapproved.com/guides/unvented-attic/
An unvented attic removes attic ventilation openings. Deschutes County lists it next to the 12-foot vent height and manufactured ember-resistant vents. Remaining openings still need mesh or a listing. It is not a foam product and not a fireproof roof.

### Utah WUI code status
https://fireapproved.com/guides/utah-wui-code-status/
15A-2-103 currently offers the 2006 Utah Wildland Urban Interface Code for local adoption. 65A-8-203 ties FFSL cooperative-agreement cost share to that adoption. The 2024 IWUIC is effective 1 January 2027.

### Valley metal and cap sheet under R327.3
https://fireapproved.com/guides/valley-flashing-r327/
Where Oregon R327 is adopted and valley flashing is installed, the metal is not less than 0.019 inch (No. 26 gage) corrosion-resistant galvanized sheet over a 72-pound ASTM D3909 cap sheet at least 36 inches wide, full length of the valley. That stack is not the same sentence as closing profile gaps under tile.

### Vinyl siding in the WUI
https://fireapproved.com/guides/vinyl-siding-in-the-wui/
Vinyl can melt. FEMA P-737 says not to use vinyl, wood, or polypropylene cladding in wildfire zones. Oregon R327.3.3 is a covering or assembly menu. Vinyl is not ASTM E136 noncombustible. Type X behind cladding is a different path than the vinyl itself.

### The wall base and the six-inch band
https://fireapproved.com/guides/wall-base-clearance/
Oregon R327.3.3.1 runs the wall covering from the top of the foundation to the roof. It does not name a six-inch noncombustible band. IBHS Wildfire Prepared does. Do not write the IBHS number onto the Oregon termination sentence.

### Wall covering termination under R327.3.3.1
https://fireapproved.com/guides/wall-covering-termination/
Where Oregon R327 is adopted, exterior wall covering runs from the top of the foundation to the roof. It dies into 2-inch nominal blocking at an open overhang, or at the underside of an enclosed soffit. Stopping the siding at the window head is not that section.

### Wall penetrations, hose bibs, and linesets
https://fireapproved.com/guides/wall-penetrations-small-holes/
Hose bibs, AC linesets, conduit, and dryer hoods are holes in the wall covering. Oregon R327.3.2 does not name them. FEMA treats utility penetrations as gaps to seal. Do not mesh the dryer because the attic rule said all vents.

### Washington WUI code status
https://fireapproved.com/guides/washington-wui-code-status/
RCW 19.27.560 adopts IWUIC Class 1 roof, wall, deck, and driveway rules only after DNR finishes statewide hazard maps. WAC 51-55 is reserved. Counties may adopt IWUIC locally now.

### What a greenstrip is
https://fireapproved.com/guides/what-a-greenstrip-is/
A greenstrip is a rangeland fuel break: a long, narrow band of fire-retardant vegetation, often 100 to 300 feet wide. UNR Fact Sheet 97-36 defines it that way for Nevada. It is not Zone 0, and forage kochia in a greenstrip is not a five-foot planting list.

### What did MSU actually rate
https://fireapproved.com/guides/what-did-msu-actually-rate/
MontGuide MT200101AG (current as of 4/22): fire-resistant plants have supple, moist leaves and water-like sap. Junipers should not be used as a foundation plant. Not all listed species grow in all parts of Montana. Thick-bark forest survivors (western larch, ponderosa pine, Douglas fir) are named in the forest paragraph, not on the landscape table. Pinus ponderosa computes as avoid and includes MT. Populus tremuloides computes as on-list, cites the MontGuide, and includes MT. Location and arrangement take priority over the list (MT202104AG).

### What do you plant when the forest itself is the fuel
https://fireapproved.com/guides/what-do-you-plant-when-the-forest-is-the-fuel/
FEIS: black spruce needles and branches are highly resinous; fire of any severity generally kills the tree; most fires are stand-replacement. Firewise Alaska (2009) lists paper birch, quaking aspen, and black cottonwood, and says firewise plants are fire resistant, not fireproof. Thin black spruce. Do not plant the fuel against the house.

### What Firescapes rated that lists guess at
https://fireapproved.com/guides/what-firescapes-measured-that-lists-guess-at/
Virginia Firescapes 430-300 (2015 reprint): plants get H, M, or L flammability ratings. There are no fireproof plants. Zone 1 is the house to 5 feet with nothing flammable. Every evergreen tree and shrub in the tables is H. VDOF Firewise Communities for Virginia (P00111, July 2013) names Azalea among less-flammable plants and tells readers to remove ornamental junipers, hollies, red cedar, and young pine. Virginia pages now join this explainer to 306 source-scoped plant owners.

### What Flint Hills burning teaches a homeowner
https://fireapproved.com/guides/what-flint-hills-burning-teaches-a-homeowner/
Kansas Forest Service: in the Flint Hills alone, Kansans burn over 2 million acres per year with prescribed fire, and Kansas ranks in the top two states nationally for acres burned. The 2015 KSU Prescribed Burning Notebook: avoid burning near a house; construct a wide firebreak; set headfires away from the structure. Timing is the lesson. This directory’s Schizachyrium scoparium and Juniperus virginiana compute as avoid and include KS.

### What FORFS 17-01 told Kentuckians to plant
https://fireapproved.com/guides/what-forfs-17-01-told-kentuckians-to-plant/
University of Kentucky FORFS 17-01 (January 2017): no such thing as a fireproof plant. Remove eastern red cedar, any pine, and holly near the home (resin, oils, waxes). Trees and shrubs that work well include elms, oaks, sycamore, birch, dogwood, redbud, hazelnut, viburnum, sumac, and spicebush. Minimum 30 feet of defensible space. This directory stores those 13 prose names on 13 exact species or genus owners; holly and dogwood remain at genus rank.

### What Headwaters says hardening costs
https://fireapproved.com/guides/what-headwaters-says-hardening-costs/
Headwaters Economics and IBHS (Fall 2025 PDF): for a one-story 1,750-square-foot model in Altadena at a $500,000 construction value, CWUIC Part 7 adds about $13,000 in wildfire-resistant materials over traditional; IBHS Wildfire Prepared Home Base is more than $4,000 less than that Part 7 increment; Plus is about $2,000 more than Part 7. Yard work beyond five feet was out of scope. A January 2026 update says Altadena rebuilds are running $450–$650 per square foot because of labor, not the wildfire materials. The 2024 retrofit paper, with Stephen Quarles, puts simple actions at $2,000–$15,000 and a full highest-level retrofit near $100,000.

### What Kirtland's warbler country teaches a cabin
https://fireapproved.com/guides/what-kirtlands-warbler-country-teaches/
Michigan DNR (25 May 2023): jack pine is fire-dependent; cones need heat to open. Because we protect against wildfire to keep communities safe, the large-scale fires that historically created the habitat aren’t regularly happening. The DNR plants 1 to 1.5 million jack pines on 1,000 to 1,500 acres per year. This site has no Pinus banksiana species record. Pinus strobus and Pinus resinosa compute as avoid and include MI. A 300-acre opposing-wave plantation is not a five-foot planting.

### What limited evidence means on a plant page
https://fireapproved.com/guides/what-limited-evidence-means/
Limited evidence is a computed label, not a third recommendation. One independent Tier-1 lineage can classify a plant, and the page says the stack is thin. Dianthus sylvestris is on-list from Idaho Firewise’s 9-of-10 score alone. That is not a second list, not a lab test, and not a Zone 0 permit.

### What Plymouth-area yards should know about pitch pine
https://fireapproved.com/guides/what-plymouth-area-yards-should-know/
DCR and DFS (11 June 2025): Massachusetts had a historic 2024 season of 1,300 wildfires. Immediate Zone is the home plus five feet; move mulch, flammable plants, dried leaves, pine needles, and firewood away from exterior walls. FEIS (Gucker 2007): pitch pine is fire-dependent, thick-barked, sprouts after fire, and dominates Cape Cod pitch pine-oak. This directory’s Pinus rigida computes as avoid and includes MA. A fire-adapted barrens tree is not a five-foot planting.

### What survives hail, drought, and embers at 7,000 feet
https://fireapproved.com/guides/what-survives-hail-drought-and-embers-at-7000-feet/
CSU Fact Sheet 6.305 (2025) does not score hail. It scores flammability 0–10, lists elevation and water, and says there are no truly fireproof plant species. At 7,000 feet, Rocky Mountain penstemon (score 8) and yellow stonecrop (score 10) are listed 5–10K. Mountain mahogany is named among common flammable shrubs. Cercocarpus montanus computes as avoid. Penstemon strictus and Sedum lanceolatum compute as on-list, limited-evidence.

### What TFS rates where
https://fireapproved.com/guides/what-tfs-rates-where/
Texas A&M Forest Service Firewise Landscaping in Texas applies across Texas and contributes ten exact owners. Travis County contributes 56 regional owners and the archived Sun City Texas guide contributes 142 Georgetown-community owners. Exact state, county/Austin, and HOA-community evidence stay separate.

### What the NC Toolbox rates that surprises people
https://fireapproved.com/guides/what-the-nc-toolbox-rates-that-surprises-people/
NC State Extension AG-874 (revised 26 March 2025): there are no fireproof plants. Defensible space at least 100 feet; 5 feet of noncombustible mulch. Do not plant vines or ornamental grasses in the defensible space; switchgrass is extremely flammable. Table 5 rates American holly, longleaf pine, mountain laurel, eastern redcedar, and switchgrass high. The NC Plant Toolbox is corroboration, not an independent Tier-1 lineage. This directory stores 202 plant records citing AG-874. Ilex opaca, Pinus palustris, and Kalmia latifolia compute as avoid and include NC.

### What UWEX and the DNR agreed on
https://fireapproved.com/guides/what-uwex-and-the-dnr-agreed-on/
UW-Extension GWQ 049 / DNR PUB-FR-417-2008 (February 2009 imprint, ©2008): Firewise Landscaping is a co-published guide. Keep the first 3-to-5 feet around the house fuel-free. In the Great Lakes region, red pine and jack pine are the most flammable tree species and can carry burning embers up to a mile. WI DNR Ready, Set, Go: spring and fall are the primary wildfire seasons; Zone One is 3–5 feet. This directory stores the 2008 guide as the wdnr-uwex lineage (21 plant records). Pinus resinosa computes as avoid and includes WI.

### What you can touch on a rental or HOA lot
https://fireapproved.com/guides/what-you-can-touch-on-a-rental-or-hoa-lot/
California Civil Code 4205(a): if the governing documents conflict with the law, the law prevails. PRC 4291 still names a lessee in the state responsibility area and still says you are not required to manage fuels without the legal right. An HOA cannot use CC&Rs to make you keep a wood fence or bark bed that 4291 requires you to change, and a tenant still cannot drop the landlord’s tree without consent. IBHS’s applicant is the homeowner. Oregon OSFM’s model code only binds a lessee where a city has adopted it.

### What it means when almost nothing is rated for your state
https://fireapproved.com/guides/when-almost-nothing-is-rated-for-your-state/
Delaware Forest Service’s opened wildland-fire page has no plant list. The 2020 Statewide Forest Strategy says wildland fire is not a substantial threat, then names coastal phragmites and young loblolly as the exceptions. This site’s Delaware page currently holds 755 USDA-distribution records. Those rows are not Delaware ratings. Phragmites australis computes as avoid.

### Which canopy trees earn their keep in an oak-hickory backyard
https://fireapproved.com/guides/which-canopy-trees-earn-their-keep/
Purdue Extension’s September 2023 oak-hickory stewardship guide: oaks are adapted to prescribed fire by thick bark and extensive roots; fire should be conducted by experienced individuals; low-intensity flames under 3 feet. Mature oak and hickory still sit in the overstory while beech and maple take the midstory. This directory’s Quercus alba and Carya tomentosa compute as on-list. On-list is not Zone 0. Eastern redcedar computes as avoid.

### Which high-desert plants still hold water in June
https://fireapproved.com/guides/which-high-desert-plants-still-hold-water-in-june/
UA Cooperative Extension AZ1289 (December 2011) says a plant’s moisture content is the most important factor governing volatility, and that succulent leaves that store water are a FIREWISE trait. Agave parryi is listed at very-low water. Kinnikinnick is listed at moderate-to-high water and only at 7,000 feet and up. There are no fireproof plant species.

### Who can do a defensible-space assessment
https://fireapproved.com/guides/who-can-do-a-defensible-space-assessment/
Oregon’s State Fire Marshal and partner fire agencies offer a free, education-focused defensible-space visit. You can also walk the Version 1 checklist yourself. Firewise USA’s assessment is community-wide, with a local wildfire expert, updated at least every five years. IBHS Wildfire Prepared uses a paid, qualified third-party evaluator who documents the lot and does not give mitigation advice; IBHS decides the designation. Those walks are not an R327 inspection, not California AB 38 sale documentation, and not a carrier underwrite.

### Whose job is fire in a state that burns on purpose
https://fireapproved.com/guides/whose-job-is-fire-when-georgia-burns-on-purpose/
Georgia Forestry Commission FY2019 annual report: 2,005 wildfires burned 7,036 acres, the lowest in 62 years. GFC provided 1,622 burn assists totaling about 136,005 acres, about 13 percent of all acres prescribed burned in Georgia that year. Landowners do most of the burning. The yard is not the million-acre program. Pinus palustris computes as avoid. Quercus alba computes as on-list.

### Why glass breaks in a wildfire
https://fireapproved.com/guides/why-glass-breaks/
Glass cracks when the exposed face heats and expands faster than the edge hidden in the frame. Dual-pane buys a second lite after the outer pane fails. Tempered resists longer than annealed. That mechanism is not Oregon’s R327 glazing menu and not a 20-minute fire door.

### Why is there no official California plant list
https://fireapproved.com/guides/why-no-official-california-plant-list/
PRC 4291 is 100 feet of defensible space and an ember-resistant zone, not a planting palette. 2022 Chapter 7A is building materials, systems, and assemblies. Its fire-resistant vegetation definition is traits plus a note naming example publications, not a CAL FIRE list. UC ANR: no plant is fire-proof. Rosemary is conflict. Oleander is a conflict that appears on this site’s California evidence list.

### Why rosemary is disputed
https://fireapproved.com/guides/why-rosemary-is-disputed/
Rosemary is a conflict, not a compromise grade. California now exposes the 1997 UCFPL statewide compilation at exact state grain and Fire Safe Marin at county grain; both retain their dates and conflicting source language. Butte County’s separate North State article remains regional.

### Why the Hawaii fire-plant question is upside-down
https://fireapproved.com/guides/why-the-hawaii-fire-plant-question-is-upside-down/
HWMO: invasive guinea and fountain grass ignite easily, re-sprout after fire, and create a vicious fire cycle. HISC: wildfire frequency in the Hawaiian Islands is up 400% over the last century; fountain grass (Cenchrus setaceus) and guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) are high fire hazard. This directory has no species pages for those two taxa. Sorghum halepense and Arundo donax carry US-RIIS invasive-reported flags for HI and compute as avoid.

### Why Type X gypsum works
https://fireapproved.com/guides/why-type-x-works/
Gypsum’s core is calcium sulfate dihydrate. About 21 percent of its weight is chemically combined water. Heat drives that water off as steam. Type X adds glass fibers so the calcined core holds together. That chemistry is not a permit and not a sixth numbered eave item.

### Why West Virginia's plant list still names Maryland's state flower
https://fireapproved.com/guides/why-west-virginias-list-still-names-marylands-state-flower/
West Virginia Division of Forestry publishes 180 Firewise plant rows that reconcile to 169 directory owners. A copied Maryland state-flower comment exposes the list's shared Maryland/New Jersey/West Virginia lineage—useful exact-state scope, but not three independent evidence votes or a site-specific planting approval.

### Wind-driven versus plume-dominated fire
https://fireapproved.com/guides/wind-driven-vs-plume-dominated/
USFS PNW-GTR-891 says wind-driven fires generally spread with the wind and are more predictable. A plume-dominated fire has a nearly vertical smoke column and little visible influence of horizontal wind. Spread direction can change unexpectedly. That chapter does not give a hours-versus-minutes clock. This is not R327 and not a FHSZ overlay.

### Wind, sage, and planting where nothing stays wet
https://fireapproved.com/guides/wind-sage-and-planting-where-nothing-stays-wet/
UW Extension (Scott Hininger, Sheridan County, 6 January 2016): many plants that grow naturally in an area are highly flammable during the summer. Defensible landscape at least 30 feet, out to 100 feet or more. Deciduous trees and shrubs typically are not as flammable as evergreens. Barnyards and Backyards Spring 2005: there are no truly fireproof plants; Rocky Mountain juniper is named fire-prone. Firewise Wyoming plant appendix lists fringed sage and prairie sage, not big sagebrush. Artemisia tridentata computes as avoid and includes WY. Artemisia frigida computes as on-list and includes WY.

### Windbreaks that don't become wicks
https://fireapproved.com/guides/windbreaks-that-dont-become-wicks/
ISU Extension: conifers are the major windbreak tree in Iowa; deciduous trees are only 5–20 percent as effective. PM-1716 (August 1997): the inside row of a narrow windbreak should be at least 75 feet from buildings. Iowa DNR Firewise (Fall 2009): start with a 5-foot nonflammable perimeter. This directory’s Juniperus virginiana and Pinus strobus compute as avoid and include IA. A farmstead windbreak is not Zone 0.

### WUI doors versus 20-minute fire doors
https://fireapproved.com/guides/wui-door-vs-fire-door/
A 20-minute fire door is an interior-rated leaf test. OSFM category 8150 is a California WUI exterior-door listing. Oregon R327.3.6 covers glazed doors and windows, not a solid swinging entry leaf. Read the listing. Do not swap the two.

### Wyoming WUI code status
https://fireapproved.com/guides/wyoming-wui-code-status/
Wyoming Council on Fire Prevention Chapter 1 incorporates 2024 IBC, IEBC, IFC, IMC, and IFGC. IWUIC is not on that list. There is no statewide WUI construction book.

### Zone 0 in California, Oregon, Firewise, and IBHS
https://fireapproved.com/guides/zone-0-california-oregon-firewise/
California’s Board of Forestry voted on Zone 0 rules on 19 August 2026. As of 23 August 2026 those rules were not yet in force. Oregon OSFM guidance, Firewise USA, and IBHS Essential are different documents. None of them is R327.

### Zone 0 versus Zone 1 versus Zone 2
https://fireapproved.com/guides/zone-bands/
Zone 0 is the first five feet and is largely noncombustible. Zone 1 and Zone 2 are farther out, where fire-resistant plants belong. The plant directory is not a Zone 0 spec.

## Glossary (46)

### adopted code
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/adopted-code/
The building code in force for a lot, such as ORSC R327 where a city adopted it, or California CWUIC in mapped areas.
Do not call this: the code.

### authority having jurisdiction
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/ahj/
The building official or other officer who interprets adopted code and issues the permit. FireApproved is not the AHJ.

### assembly
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/assembly/
The combination of parts as tested or installed, such as a roof covering plus underlayment plus deck. A covering alone is not an assembly.
Do not call this: Class A shingles.

### burning brand
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/burning-brand/
A specified wood crib used as the fire source in roof and some deck tests. ASTM E108 Class A, B, or C names brand size. It is not a Class A bag of shingles.

### Chapter 7A
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/chapter-7a/
Historical name for California WUI construction rules. As of 1 January 2026 the live book is CWUIC. People still search Chapter 7A.

### Class A
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/class-a/
The most severe roof-assembly class under ASTM E108 or UL 790. Oregon R327’s floor is Class B. IBHS Essential asks for Class A.

### Class B
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/class-b/
The middle roof-assembly class under ASTM E108 or UL 790. Oregon R327’s floor is Class B equivalent. Class B is not Class A.

### conflict
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/conflict/
A computed plant status when independent evidence lineages disagree and no honest majority remains. The dissent stays on the page. We do not average the lists into a fake middle.
Do not call this: mixed (as a compromise grade); average of the lists.

### covering
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/covering/
The visible outer layer, such as shingles on a roof or cladding on a wall. Class A, B, and C describe a tested assembly, not a bag of covering.
Do not call this: Class A shingles.

### CWUIC
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/cwuic/
California Wildland-Urban Interface Code, Title 24 Part 7, in force 1 January 2026. The live California book. Chapter 7A is the old search name.

### defensible space
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/defensible-space/
Managed vegetation and materials around a structure, often in 0–5, 5–30, and 30–100 foot bands. Zone 0 is the first band, next to the house.

### dual-pane
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/dual-pane/
Two or more lites in one window unit. Oregon R327 treats multilayered glass as one glazing option. It is not the same as tempered glass.
Do not call this: fire-rated window.

### eave
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/eave/
The roof overhang beyond the wall. Protect the underside. Oregon R327, where adopted, restricts soffit vents except manufactured ember-resistant vents or openings 12 feet up.

### ember-resistant
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/ember-resistant/
Meant to stop wind-blown embers. Listed vents, 1/16–1/8 inch mesh, and Zone 0 are different ember-resistant tools. The phrase is not a listing ID.
Do not call this: fireproof.

### ember
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/ember/
A burning fragment carried on the wind. Embers, not a wall of flame, ignite most homes lost in wildfires.
Do not call this: spark; cinder.

### evaluation report
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/evaluation-report/
An ICC-ES Evaluation Report (ESR) is an independent evaluation of how a named product meets I-Code provisions. It is not an ESL listing and not an OSFM BML number.
Do not call this: OSFM listing.

### fascia
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/fascia/
The vertical board at the eave edge that gutters often attach to. Debris and embers collect against it. Oregon R327 excepts fascia from some projection rules.

### Fire Hazard Severity Zone
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/fhsz/
California maps Moderate, High, and Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones. The maps measure hazard, not risk. They are not Oregon R327 and not an insurance rate map.
Do not call this: fire risk map.

### fire door
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/fire-door/
A door assembly tested to a fire-protection rating, often 20 minutes. That is not the same as an OSFM 8150 WUI exterior door listing. Read the listing.
Do not call this: WUI door.

### fire-retardant-treated wood
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/fire-retardant-treated/
Wood treated to reduce flame spread, often listed as exterior FRT. Oregon R327 names it as one walking-surface path. It is not noncombustible and not a coating.
Do not call this: fireproof wood.

### Firewise USA
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/firewise/
An NFPA recognition program for communities that reduce wildfire risk. It is not a product listing and not adopted building code.

### flame spread
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/flame-spread/
How far flame travels across a specimen in ASTM E84. An index is not a Class A roof and is not noncombustible. Oregon ignition-resistant uses an extended run.

### horizontal projection
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/horizontal-projection/
A building part that sticks out, such as an eave, balcony, or patio cover. California tests the underside to SFM 12-7A-3. It is not a vent.

### ignition-resistant
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/ignition-resistant/
A material or assembly that meets a named fire test for ignition, such as an extended ASTM E84 run in Oregon R327. It is not the same as noncombustible.

### intumescent
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/intumescent/
A material that swells when heated and can close a gap. Some listed vents use intumescent cores. A paint-on coating is not an Oregon R327 wall covering.
Do not call this: fireproof paint.

### IWUIC
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/iwuic/
International Wildland-Urban Interface Code. A model WUI code. It applies only where a jurisdiction adopts it. Oregon uses optional R327 instead of a statewide IWUIC mandate.

### limited evidence
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/limited-evidence/
A computed plant label meaning one independent Tier-1 lineage is enough to classify, and that thinness is shown. It is not a third recommendation grade and not a pass.
Do not call this: unrated; pending.

### listed
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/listed/
A named model appears on a listing body’s current record, with an ID. Listed is not approved by FireApproved and is not a permit.
Do not call this: approved; FireApproved approved; code-approved.

### listing body
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/listing-body/
An organization that publishes model-level listings, such as OSFM BML or ICC-ES. It is not the building official and not this site.

### mesh
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/mesh/
Noncombustible, corrosion-resistant metal screen with openings from 1/16 to 1/8 inch. A prescriptive ember path. Not an ASTM E2886 listed vent.

### net free area
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/net-free-area/
The unobstructed opening area a vent still provides after mesh or a listed core. Fine mesh reduces it. Size vents so the attic still meets ventilation code.

### noncombustible
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/noncombustible/
A material that does not ignite or burn in standard tests such as ASTM E136. Concrete, steel, and gravel are typical examples. It is stricter than ignition-resistant.

### OSFM
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/osfm/
California Office of the State Fire Marshal. It runs the Building Materials Listing program. It is not Oregon’s fire marshal and not an Oregon building official.

### performance path
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/performance-path/
A rule that accepts a tested assembly, such as an ASTM E2886 listed vent, instead of a named mesh size.

### prescriptive path
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/prescriptive-path/
A rule that names materials or sizes, such as 1/16–1/8 inch metal mesh on a vent. You follow the recipe. You do not submit a lab report for that piece.

### ORSC R327
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/r327/
Oregon Residential Specialty Code wildfire section. It applies only where a local building department has adopted it. It is not statewide and not CWUIC.

### radiant heat
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/radiant-heat/
Heat transferred through the air without flame contact. It can break glass and ignite surfaces before flame arrives. It is not ember ignition.

### soffit
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/soffit/
The finished underside of an eave or other overhang. OSFM 8160 lists underside coverings. Perforated soffit is not an ember-resistant vent.
Do not call this: ember-resistant vent.

### spark arrester
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/spark-arrester/
Noncombustible corrosion-resistant metal mesh on a chimney or stovepipe outlet. CAL FIRE’s low-cost list names 3/8- to 1/2-inch openings. It is not an ember-resistant wall vent.
Do not call this: listed vent.

### tempered
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/tempered/
Glass heat-treated so it resists breaking better than annealed glass. California CWUIC wants at least one tempered pane in dual-pane units. Tempered is not dual-pane.

### test method
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/test-method/
A laboratory procedure such as ASTM E2886 or ASTM E108. A pass is a result for a specimen, not a permit for your lot.
Do not call this: rating.

### Type X
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/type-x/
Gypsum board with a fire-resistance core used as a deemed-to-comply layer behind cladding. Type X is an assembly path. It is not an ASTM E136 pass for the visible siding.

### wildland-urban interface
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/wui/
Where houses and wildland vegetation meet or mix. WUI is a land condition. It is not by itself a product listing.

### Zone 0
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/zone-0/
The first five feet from exterior walls and attached decks. Keep it largely noncombustible. It is not a planting palette.

### Zone 1
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/zone-1/
The defensible-space band often 5–30 feet from walls. Fire-resistant plants belong here, not in Zone 0. It is not a Zone 0 spec.
Do not call this: the five feet.

### Zone 2
https://fireapproved.com/glossary/zone-2/
The outer defensible-space band, often 30–100 feet from the house. Reduce fuel continuity. Plants here are not a Zone 0 product.

## Datasets (18)

### ICC-ES California supplement and WUI-relevant ESR directory snapshot
https://fireapproved.com/data/icc-es-reports/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/icc-es-reports.json)
A 2026-08-24 California-supplement snapshot extended on 2026-08-25 with public main-ESR product-type filters relevant to wildfire-resistant construction. Rows reproduce directory identifiers, holders, product names, and code labels; inclusion is not a permit decision.

### ORSC R327 local adoption
https://fireapproved.com/data/r327-adoption/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/r327-adoption.json)
Municipalities that have adopted ORSC Section R327, from Oregon BCD’s published list and from a city ordinance where BCD has not yet listed the place. Status is adoption of the code section, not a map of every tax lot.

### OSFM 1080 Walls/Partitions census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-1080-walls-partitions/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-1080-walls-partitions.json)
All 6 live OSFM Walls/Partitions listings in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. Each row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date; linked product records are supporting detail, not additional listings. 5 of these listings have no product page: the Scope column says why, most often because the manufacturer's own use limits put the product outside this site's exterior-WUI scope.

### OSFM 2440 Insulation census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-2440-insulation/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-2440-insulation.json)
All 8 live OSFM Insulation listings in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. Each row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date; linked product records are supporting detail, not additional listings. 5 of these listings have no product page: the Scope column says why, most often because the manufacturer's own use limits put the product outside this site's exterior-WUI scope.

### OSFM 2520 Treated Lumber census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-2520-treated-lumber/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-2520-treated-lumber.json)
All 5 live OSFM Treated Lumber listings in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. Each row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date; linked product records are supporting detail, not additional listings. 2 of these listings have no product page: the Scope column says why, most often because the manufacturer's own use limits put the product outside this site's exterior-WUI scope.

### OSFM 2580 Plywood census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-2580-plywood/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-2580-plywood.json)
All 3 live OSFM Plywood listings in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. Each row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date; linked product records are supporting detail, not additional listings. 2 of these listings have no product page: the Scope column says why, most often because the manufacturer's own use limits put the product outside this site's exterior-WUI scope.

### OSFM 4150 Wood Shakes and Shingles census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-4150-wood-shakes-and-shingles/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-4150-wood-shakes-and-shingles.json)
All two live OSFM Roof Covering, Wood Shakes/Shingles listings in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. Each row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date. QAI CERus-1032 supplies current evaluation context for FTX and FSR treatments but is not substituted for either OSFM listing.

### OSFM 4175 Roof Covering (Miscellaneous) census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-4175-roof-covering-miscellaneous/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-4175-roof-covering-miscellaneous.json)
All 10 live OSFM Roof Covering (Miscellaneous) listings in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. Category 4175 is a general roof-covering category, not the WUI-specific category 8180. Each row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date; linked product records are supporting detail, not additional listings.

### OSFM 4310 Roof Insulation census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-4310-roof-insulation/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-4310-roof-insulation.json)
The sole live OSFM Roof Insulation listing in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. The row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date; the linked SOL-R-SKIN product record holds the assembly and manufacturer-source detail.

### OSFM 8110 Decking For Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8110-decking/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8110-decking.json)
All 60 live OSFM Decking For Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) listings in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. Each row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date; linked product records are supporting detail, not additional listings.

### OSFM 8120 Exterior Windows For Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8120-exterior-windows/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8120-exterior-windows.json)
All 2 live OSFM Exterior Windows For Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) listings in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. Each row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date; linked product records are supporting detail, not additional listings.

### OSFM 8140 Exterior Wall Siding And Sheathing For Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8140-exterior-wall-siding-and-sheathing/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8140-exterior-wall-siding-and-sheathing.json)
All 98 live OSFM Exterior Wall Siding And Sheathing For Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) listings in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. Each row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date; linked product records are supporting detail, not additional listings.

### OSFM 8150 Exterior Door For Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8150-exterior-door/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8150-exterior-door.json)
All 18 live OSFM Exterior Door For Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) listings in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. Each row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date; linked product records are supporting detail, not additional listings.

### OSFM 8160 Horizontal Projection Underside For Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8160-horizontal-projection-underside/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8160-horizontal-projection-underside.json)
All 19 live OSFM Horizontal Projection Underside For Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) listings in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. Each row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date; linked product records are supporting detail, not additional listings.

### OSFM 8165 Vents For Wildland Urban Interface (WUI.) census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8165-vents/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8165-vents.json)
All 15 live OSFM Vents For Wildland Urban Interface (WUI.) listings in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. Each row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date; linked product records are supporting detail, not additional listings.

### OSFM 8170 Ignition-Resistant Materials  census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8170-ignition-resistant-materials/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8170-ignition-resistant-materials.json)
All 10 live OSFM Ignition-Resistant Materials  listings in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. Each row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date; linked product records are supporting detail, not additional listings.

### OSFM 8175 Noncombustible Materials census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8175-noncombustible-materials/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8175-noncombustible-materials.json)
All 2 live OSFM Noncombustible Materials listings in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. Each row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date; linked product records are supporting detail, not additional listings.

### OSFM 8180 Non-Wood Roof Covering/Assemblies For Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) census
https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8180-non-wood-roof-covering-assemblies/ (JSON twin: https://fireapproved.com/data/osfm-8180-non-wood-roof-covering-assemblies.json)
All 17 live OSFM Non-Wood Roof Covering/Assemblies For Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) listings in the 2026-08-25 snapshot. Each row preserves the BML application number, issue date, and expiry date; linked product records are supporting detail, not additional listings.